diff --git a/vp10/encoder/firstpass.c b/vp10/encoder/firstpass.c
index 80e461b..bc1ce00 100644
--- a/vp10/encoder/firstpass.c
+++ b/vp10/encoder/firstpass.c
@@ -2135,6 +2135,8 @@
   return is_viable_kf;
 }
 
+#define FRAMES_TO_CHECK_DECAY 8
+
 static void find_next_key_frame(VP10_COMP *cpi, FIRSTPASS_STATS *this_frame) {
   int i, j;
   RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
@@ -2153,7 +2155,7 @@
   double boost_score = 0.0;
   double kf_mod_err = 0.0;
   double kf_group_err = 0.0;
-  double recent_loop_decay[8] = {1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0};
+  double recent_loop_decay[FRAMES_TO_CHECK_DECAY];
 
   vp10_zero(next_frame);
 
@@ -2180,6 +2182,10 @@
 
   kf_mod_err = calculate_modified_err(cpi, twopass, oxcf, this_frame);
 
+  // Initialize the decay rates for the recent frames to check
+  for (j = 0; j < FRAMES_TO_CHECK_DECAY; ++j)
+    recent_loop_decay[j] = 1.0;
+
   // Find the next keyframe.
   i = 0;
   while (twopass->stats_in < twopass->stats_in_end &&
@@ -2206,9 +2212,9 @@
       // We want to know something about the recent past... rather than
       // as used elsewhere where we are concerned with decay in prediction
       // quality since the last GF or KF.
-      recent_loop_decay[i % 8] = loop_decay_rate;
+      recent_loop_decay[i % FRAMES_TO_CHECK_DECAY] = loop_decay_rate;
       decay_accumulator = 1.0;
-      for (j = 0; j < 8; ++j)
+      for (j = 0; j < FRAMES_TO_CHECK_DECAY; ++j)
         decay_accumulator *= recent_loop_decay[j];
 
       // Special check for transition or high motion followed by a
diff --git a/vp9/common/vp9_rtcd_defs.pl b/vp9/common/vp9_rtcd_defs.pl
index d6c86fe..d6a0ce9 100644
--- a/vp9/common/vp9_rtcd_defs.pl
+++ b/vp9/common/vp9_rtcd_defs.pl
@@ -310,6 +310,15 @@
 }
 # End vp9_high encoder functions
 
+#
+# frame based scale
+#
+if (vpx_config("CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH") eq "yes") {
+} else {
+  add_proto qw/void vp9_scale_and_extend_frame/, "const struct yv12_buffer_config *src, struct yv12_buffer_config *dst";
+  specialize qw/vp9_scale_and_extend_frame ssse3/;
+}
+
 }
 # end encoder functions
 1;
diff --git a/vp9/encoder/vp9_encoder.c b/vp9/encoder/vp9_encoder.c
index 53c6dd6..8a46738 100644
--- a/vp9/encoder/vp9_encoder.c
+++ b/vp9/encoder/vp9_encoder.c
@@ -2614,10 +2614,6 @@
 #if CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
 static void scale_and_extend_frame(const YV12_BUFFER_CONFIG *src,
                                    YV12_BUFFER_CONFIG *dst, int bd) {
-#else
-static void scale_and_extend_frame(const YV12_BUFFER_CONFIG *src,
-                                   YV12_BUFFER_CONFIG *dst) {
-#endif  // CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
   const int src_w = src->y_crop_width;
   const int src_h = src->y_crop_height;
   const int dst_w = dst->y_crop_width;
@@ -2629,19 +2625,18 @@
   const InterpKernel *const kernel = vp9_filter_kernels[EIGHTTAP];
   int x, y, i;
 
-  for (y = 0; y < dst_h; y += 16) {
-    for (x = 0; x < dst_w; x += 16) {
-      for (i = 0; i < MAX_MB_PLANE; ++i) {
-        const int factor = (i == 0 || i == 3 ? 1 : 2);
+  for (i = 0; i < MAX_MB_PLANE; ++i) {
+    const int factor = (i == 0 || i == 3 ? 1 : 2);
+    const int src_stride = src_strides[i];
+    const int dst_stride = dst_strides[i];
+    for (y = 0; y < dst_h; y += 16) {
+      const int y_q4 = y * (16 / factor) * src_h / dst_h;
+      for (x = 0; x < dst_w; x += 16) {
         const int x_q4 = x * (16 / factor) * src_w / dst_w;
-        const int y_q4 = y * (16 / factor) * src_h / dst_h;
-        const int src_stride = src_strides[i];
-        const int dst_stride = dst_strides[i];
         const uint8_t *src_ptr = srcs[i] + (y / factor) * src_h / dst_h *
-                                     src_stride + (x / factor) * src_w / dst_w;
+                                   src_stride + (x / factor) * src_w / dst_w;
         uint8_t *dst_ptr = dsts[i] + (y / factor) * dst_stride + (x / factor);
 
-#if CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
         if (src->flags & YV12_FLAG_HIGHBITDEPTH) {
           vpx_highbd_convolve8(src_ptr, src_stride, dst_ptr, dst_stride,
                                kernel[x_q4 & 0xf], 16 * src_w / dst_w,
@@ -2653,18 +2648,49 @@
                         kernel[y_q4 & 0xf], 16 * src_h / dst_h,
                         16 / factor, 16 / factor);
         }
-#else
-        vpx_scaled_2d(src_ptr, src_stride, dst_ptr, dst_stride,
-                      kernel[x_q4 & 0xf], 16 * src_w / dst_w,
-                      kernel[y_q4 & 0xf], 16 * src_h / dst_h,
-                      16 / factor, 16 / factor);
-#endif  // CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
       }
     }
   }
 
   vpx_extend_frame_borders(dst);
 }
+#else
+void vp9_scale_and_extend_frame_c(const YV12_BUFFER_CONFIG *src,
+                                  YV12_BUFFER_CONFIG *dst) {
+  const int src_w = src->y_crop_width;
+  const int src_h = src->y_crop_height;
+  const int dst_w = dst->y_crop_width;
+  const int dst_h = dst->y_crop_height;
+  const uint8_t *const srcs[3] = {src->y_buffer, src->u_buffer, src->v_buffer};
+  const int src_strides[3] = {src->y_stride, src->uv_stride, src->uv_stride};
+  uint8_t *const dsts[3] = {dst->y_buffer, dst->u_buffer, dst->v_buffer};
+  const int dst_strides[3] = {dst->y_stride, dst->uv_stride, dst->uv_stride};
+  const InterpKernel *const kernel = vp9_filter_kernels[EIGHTTAP];
+  int x, y, i;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < MAX_MB_PLANE; ++i) {
+    const int factor = (i == 0 || i == 3 ? 1 : 2);
+    const int src_stride = src_strides[i];
+    const int dst_stride = dst_strides[i];
+    for (y = 0; y < dst_h; y += 16) {
+      const int y_q4 = y * (16 / factor) * src_h / dst_h;
+      for (x = 0; x < dst_w; x += 16) {
+        const int x_q4 = x * (16 / factor) * src_w / dst_w;
+        const uint8_t *src_ptr = srcs[i] + (y / factor) * src_h / dst_h *
+                                   src_stride + (x / factor) * src_w / dst_w;
+        uint8_t *dst_ptr = dsts[i] + (y / factor) * dst_stride + (x / factor);
+
+        vpx_scaled_2d(src_ptr, src_stride, dst_ptr, dst_stride,
+                      kernel[x_q4 & 0xf], 16 * src_w / dst_w,
+                      kernel[y_q4 & 0xf], 16 * src_h / dst_h,
+                      16 / factor, 16 / factor);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  vpx_extend_frame_borders(dst);
+}
+#endif  // CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
 
 static int scale_down(VP9_COMP *cpi, int q) {
   RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
@@ -2939,7 +2965,7 @@
                                    cm->subsampling_x, cm->subsampling_y,
                                    VP9_ENC_BORDER_IN_PIXELS, cm->byte_alignment,
                                    NULL, NULL, NULL);
-          scale_and_extend_frame(ref, &new_fb_ptr->buf);
+          vp9_scale_and_extend_frame(ref, &new_fb_ptr->buf);
           cpi->scaled_ref_idx[ref_frame - 1] = new_fb;
           alloc_frame_mvs(cm, new_fb);
         }
@@ -3303,7 +3329,6 @@
   vpx_clear_system_state();
 
   set_frame_size(cpi);
-
   cpi->Source = vp9_scale_if_required(cm,
                                       cpi->un_scaled_source,
                                       &cpi->scaled_source,
@@ -3321,7 +3346,6 @@
                                              cpi->unscaled_last_source,
                                              &cpi->scaled_last_source,
                                              (cpi->oxcf.pass == 0));
-
   vp9_update_noise_estimate(cpi);
 
   if (cpi->oxcf.pass == 0 &&
@@ -3743,7 +3767,7 @@
     if (use_normative_scaler &&
         unscaled->y_width <= (scaled->y_width << 1) &&
         unscaled->y_height <= (scaled->y_height << 1))
-      scale_and_extend_frame(unscaled, scaled);
+      vp9_scale_and_extend_frame(unscaled, scaled);
     else
       scale_and_extend_frame_nonnormative(unscaled, scaled);
 #endif  // CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
diff --git a/vp9/encoder/vp9_firstpass.c b/vp9/encoder/vp9_firstpass.c
index 71843ee..9d3b154 100644
--- a/vp9/encoder/vp9_firstpass.c
+++ b/vp9/encoder/vp9_firstpass.c
@@ -2260,6 +2260,8 @@
   return is_viable_kf;
 }
 
+#define FRAMES_TO_CHECK_DECAY 8
+
 static void find_next_key_frame(VP9_COMP *cpi, FIRSTPASS_STATS *this_frame) {
   int i, j;
   RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
@@ -2278,7 +2280,7 @@
   double boost_score = 0.0;
   double kf_mod_err = 0.0;
   double kf_group_err = 0.0;
-  double recent_loop_decay[8] = {1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0};
+  double recent_loop_decay[FRAMES_TO_CHECK_DECAY];
 
   vp9_zero(next_frame);
 
@@ -2305,6 +2307,10 @@
 
   kf_mod_err = calculate_modified_err(cpi, twopass, oxcf, this_frame);
 
+  // Initialize the decay rates for the recent frames to check
+  for (j = 0; j < FRAMES_TO_CHECK_DECAY; ++j)
+    recent_loop_decay[j] = 1.0;
+
   // Find the next keyframe.
   i = 0;
   while (twopass->stats_in < twopass->stats_in_end &&
@@ -2331,9 +2337,9 @@
       // We want to know something about the recent past... rather than
       // as used elsewhere where we are concerned with decay in prediction
       // quality since the last GF or KF.
-      recent_loop_decay[i % 8] = loop_decay_rate;
+      recent_loop_decay[i % FRAMES_TO_CHECK_DECAY] = loop_decay_rate;
       decay_accumulator = 1.0;
-      for (j = 0; j < 8; ++j)
+      for (j = 0; j < FRAMES_TO_CHECK_DECAY; ++j)
         decay_accumulator *= recent_loop_decay[j];
 
       // Special check for transition or high motion followed by a
diff --git a/vp9/encoder/x86/vp9_frame_scale_ssse3.c b/vp9/encoder/x86/vp9_frame_scale_ssse3.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..de903fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vp9/encoder/x86/vp9_frame_scale_ssse3.c
@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+/*
+ *  Copyright (c) 2016 The WebM project authors. All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ *  Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license
+ *  that can be found in the LICENSE file in the root of the source
+ *  tree. An additional intellectual property rights grant can be found
+ *  in the file PATENTS.  All contributing project authors may
+ *  be found in the AUTHORS file in the root of the source tree.
+ */
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER <= 1500
+// Need to include math.h before calling tmmintrin.h/intrin.h
+// in certain versions of MSVS.
+#include <math.h>
+#endif
+#include <tmmintrin.h>  // SSSE3
+
+#include "./vp9_rtcd.h"
+#include "./vpx_dsp_rtcd.h"
+#include "./vpx_scale_rtcd.h"
+#include "vpx_scale/yv12config.h"
+
+extern void vp9_scale_and_extend_frame_c(const YV12_BUFFER_CONFIG *src,
+                                         YV12_BUFFER_CONFIG *dst);
+
+void downsample_2_to_1_ssse3(const uint8_t *src, ptrdiff_t src_stride,
+                             uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t dst_stride,
+                             int w, int h) {
+  const __m128i mask = _mm_set1_epi16(0x00FF);
+  const int max_width = w & ~15;
+  int y;
+  for (y = 0; y < h; ++y) {
+    int x;
+    for (x = 0; x < max_width; x += 16) {
+      const __m128i a = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(src + x * 2 +  0));
+      const __m128i b = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(src + x * 2 + 16));
+      const __m128i a_and = _mm_and_si128(a, mask);
+      const __m128i b_and = _mm_and_si128(b, mask);
+      const __m128i c = _mm_packus_epi16(a_and, b_and);
+      _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)(dst + x), c);
+    }
+    for (; x < w; ++x)
+      dst[x] = src[x * 2];
+    src += src_stride * 2;
+    dst += dst_stride;
+  }
+}
+
+static INLINE __m128i filter(const __m128i *const a, const __m128i *const b,
+                             const __m128i *const c, const __m128i *const d,
+                             const __m128i *const e, const __m128i *const f,
+                             const __m128i *const g, const __m128i *const h) {
+  const __m128i coeffs_ab =
+      _mm_set_epi8(6, -1, 6, -1, 6, -1, 6, -1, 6, -1, 6, -1, 6, -1, 6, -1);
+  const __m128i coeffs_cd =
+      _mm_set_epi8(78, -19, 78, -19, 78, -19, 78, -19, 78, -19, 78, -19,
+                   78, -19, 78, -19);
+  const __m128i const64_x16 = _mm_set1_epi16(64);
+  const __m128i ab = _mm_unpacklo_epi8(*a, *b);
+  const __m128i cd = _mm_unpacklo_epi8(*c, *d);
+  const __m128i fe = _mm_unpacklo_epi8(*f, *e);
+  const __m128i hg = _mm_unpacklo_epi8(*h, *g);
+  const __m128i ab_terms = _mm_maddubs_epi16(ab, coeffs_ab);
+  const __m128i cd_terms = _mm_maddubs_epi16(cd, coeffs_cd);
+  const __m128i fe_terms = _mm_maddubs_epi16(fe, coeffs_cd);
+  const __m128i hg_terms = _mm_maddubs_epi16(hg, coeffs_ab);
+  // can not overflow
+  const __m128i abcd_terms = _mm_add_epi16(ab_terms, cd_terms);
+  // can not overflow
+  const __m128i fehg_terms = _mm_add_epi16(fe_terms, hg_terms);
+  // can overflow, use saturating add
+  const __m128i terms = _mm_adds_epi16(abcd_terms, fehg_terms);
+  const __m128i round = _mm_adds_epi16(terms, const64_x16);
+  const __m128i shift = _mm_srai_epi16(round, 7);
+  return _mm_packus_epi16(shift, shift);
+}
+
+static void eight_tap_row_ssse3(const uint8_t *src, uint8_t *dst, int w) {
+  const int max_width = w & ~7;
+  int x = 0;
+  for (; x < max_width; x += 8) {
+    const __m128i a = _mm_loadl_epi64((const __m128i *)(src + x + 0));
+    const __m128i b = _mm_loadl_epi64((const __m128i *)(src + x + 1));
+    const __m128i c = _mm_loadl_epi64((const __m128i *)(src + x + 2));
+    const __m128i d = _mm_loadl_epi64((const __m128i *)(src + x + 3));
+    const __m128i e = _mm_loadl_epi64((const __m128i *)(src + x + 4));
+    const __m128i f = _mm_loadl_epi64((const __m128i *)(src + x + 5));
+    const __m128i g = _mm_loadl_epi64((const __m128i *)(src + x + 6));
+    const __m128i h = _mm_loadl_epi64((const __m128i *)(src + x + 7));
+    const __m128i pack = filter(&a, &b, &c, &d, &e, &f, &g, &h);
+    _mm_storel_epi64((__m128i *)(dst + x), pack);
+  }
+}
+
+void upsample_1_to_2_ssse3(const uint8_t *src, ptrdiff_t src_stride,
+                           uint8_t *dst, ptrdiff_t dst_stride,
+                           int dst_w, int dst_h) {
+  dst_w /= 2;
+  dst_h /= 2;
+  {
+    DECLARE_ALIGNED(16, uint8_t, tmp[1920 * 8]);
+    uint8_t *tmp0 = tmp + dst_w * 0;
+    uint8_t *tmp1 = tmp + dst_w * 1;
+    uint8_t *tmp2 = tmp + dst_w * 2;
+    uint8_t *tmp3 = tmp + dst_w * 3;
+    uint8_t *tmp4 = tmp + dst_w * 4;
+    uint8_t *tmp5 = tmp + dst_w * 5;
+    uint8_t *tmp6 = tmp + dst_w * 6;
+    uint8_t *tmp7 = tmp + dst_w * 7;
+    uint8_t *tmp8 = NULL;
+    const int max_width = dst_w & ~7;
+    int y;
+    eight_tap_row_ssse3(src - src_stride * 3 - 3, tmp0, dst_w);
+    eight_tap_row_ssse3(src - src_stride * 2 - 3, tmp1, dst_w);
+    eight_tap_row_ssse3(src - src_stride * 1 - 3, tmp2, dst_w);
+    eight_tap_row_ssse3(src + src_stride * 0 - 3, tmp3, dst_w);
+    eight_tap_row_ssse3(src + src_stride * 1 - 3, tmp4, dst_w);
+    eight_tap_row_ssse3(src + src_stride * 2 - 3, tmp5, dst_w);
+    eight_tap_row_ssse3(src + src_stride * 3 - 3, tmp6, dst_w);
+    for (y = 0; y < dst_h; y++) {
+      int x;
+      eight_tap_row_ssse3(src + src_stride * 4 - 3, tmp7, dst_w);
+      for (x = 0; x < max_width; x += 8) {
+        const __m128i A = _mm_loadl_epi64((const __m128i *)(src  + x));
+        const __m128i B = _mm_loadl_epi64((const __m128i *)(tmp3 + x));
+        const __m128i AB = _mm_unpacklo_epi8(A, B);
+        __m128i C, D, CD;
+        _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)(dst + x * 2), AB);
+        {
+          const __m128i a =
+              _mm_loadl_epi64((const __m128i *)(src + x - src_stride * 3));
+          const __m128i b =
+              _mm_loadl_epi64((const __m128i *)(src + x - src_stride * 2));
+          const __m128i c =
+              _mm_loadl_epi64((const __m128i *)(src + x - src_stride * 1));
+          const __m128i d =
+              _mm_loadl_epi64((const __m128i *)(src + x + src_stride * 0));
+          const __m128i e =
+              _mm_loadl_epi64((const __m128i *)(src + x + src_stride * 1));
+          const __m128i f =
+              _mm_loadl_epi64((const __m128i *)(src + x + src_stride * 2));
+          const __m128i g =
+              _mm_loadl_epi64((const __m128i *)(src + x + src_stride * 3));
+          const __m128i h =
+              _mm_loadl_epi64((const __m128i *)(src + x + src_stride * 4));
+          C = filter(&a, &b, &c, &d, &e, &f, &g, &h);
+        }
+        {
+          const __m128i a = _mm_loadl_epi64((const __m128i *)(tmp0 + x));
+          const __m128i b = _mm_loadl_epi64((const __m128i *)(tmp1 + x));
+          const __m128i c = _mm_loadl_epi64((const __m128i *)(tmp2 + x));
+          const __m128i d = _mm_loadl_epi64((const __m128i *)(tmp3 + x));
+          const __m128i e = _mm_loadl_epi64((const __m128i *)(tmp4 + x));
+          const __m128i f = _mm_loadl_epi64((const __m128i *)(tmp5 + x));
+          const __m128i g = _mm_loadl_epi64((const __m128i *)(tmp6 + x));
+          const __m128i h = _mm_loadl_epi64((const __m128i *)(tmp7 + x));
+          D = filter(&a, &b, &c, &d, &e, &f, &g, &h);
+        }
+        CD = _mm_unpacklo_epi8(C, D);
+        _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)(dst + x * 2 + dst_stride), CD);
+      }
+      src += src_stride;
+      dst += dst_stride * 2;
+      tmp8 = tmp0;
+      tmp0 = tmp1;
+      tmp1 = tmp2;
+      tmp2 = tmp3;
+      tmp3 = tmp4;
+      tmp4 = tmp5;
+      tmp5 = tmp6;
+      tmp6 = tmp7;
+      tmp7 = tmp8;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void vp9_scale_and_extend_frame_ssse3(const YV12_BUFFER_CONFIG *src,
+                                      YV12_BUFFER_CONFIG *dst) {
+  const int src_w = src->y_crop_width;
+  const int src_h = src->y_crop_height;
+  const int dst_w = dst->y_crop_width;
+  const int dst_h = dst->y_crop_height;
+  const int dst_uv_w = dst_w / 2;
+  const int dst_uv_h = dst_h / 2;
+
+  if (dst_w * 2 == src_w && dst_h * 2 == src_h) {
+    downsample_2_to_1_ssse3(src->y_buffer, src->y_stride,
+                            dst->y_buffer, dst->y_stride, dst_w, dst_h);
+    downsample_2_to_1_ssse3(src->u_buffer, src->uv_stride,
+                            dst->u_buffer, dst->uv_stride, dst_uv_w, dst_uv_h);
+    downsample_2_to_1_ssse3(src->v_buffer, src->uv_stride,
+                            dst->v_buffer, dst->uv_stride, dst_uv_w, dst_uv_h);
+    vpx_extend_frame_borders(dst);
+  } else if (dst_w == src_w * 2 && dst_h == src_h * 2) {
+    // The upsample() supports widths up to 1920 * 2.  If greater, fall back
+    // to vp9_scale_and_extend_frame_c().
+    if (dst_w/2 <= 1920) {
+      upsample_1_to_2_ssse3(src->y_buffer, src->y_stride,
+                            dst->y_buffer, dst->y_stride, dst_w, dst_h);
+      upsample_1_to_2_ssse3(src->u_buffer, src->uv_stride,
+                            dst->u_buffer, dst->uv_stride, dst_uv_w, dst_uv_h);
+      upsample_1_to_2_ssse3(src->v_buffer, src->uv_stride,
+                            dst->v_buffer, dst->uv_stride, dst_uv_w, dst_uv_h);
+      vpx_extend_frame_borders(dst);
+    } else {
+      vp9_scale_and_extend_frame_c(src, dst);
+    }
+  } else {
+    vp9_scale_and_extend_frame_c(src, dst);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/vp9/vp9cx.mk b/vp9/vp9cx.mk
index c7a334d..83a91e8 100644
--- a/vp9/vp9cx.mk
+++ b/vp9/vp9cx.mk
@@ -119,6 +119,7 @@
 
 VP9_CX_SRCS-$(HAVE_SSE2) += encoder/x86/vp9_dct_sse2.c
 VP9_CX_SRCS-$(HAVE_SSSE3) += encoder/x86/vp9_dct_ssse3.c
+VP9_CX_SRCS-$(HAVE_SSSE3) += encoder/x86/vp9_frame_scale_ssse3.c
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_VP9_TEMPORAL_DENOISING),yes)
 VP9_CX_SRCS-$(HAVE_SSE2) += encoder/x86/vp9_denoiser_sse2.c