Add helper functions for argument processing.

This is in preparation for the key & value API.
The functions in args_helper.h can be used without the need of
defining a usage_exit() function in the clients, while the functions
in args.h now are wrapper functions that behave just like before.

BUG=aomedia:2875

Change-Id: I76f174e1f3955721d9de03a4060854a12b922079
diff --git a/common/args_helper.c b/common/args_helper.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2201868
--- /dev/null
+++ b/common/args_helper.c
@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2020, Alliance for Open Media. All rights reserved
+ *
+ * This source code is subject to the terms of the BSD 2 Clause License and
+ * the Alliance for Open Media Patent License 1.0. If the BSD 2 Clause License
+ * was not distributed with this source code in the LICENSE file, you can
+ * obtain it at www.aomedia.org/license/software. If the Alliance for Open
+ * Media Patent License 1.0 was not distributed with this source code in the
+ * PATENTS file, you can obtain it at www.aomedia.org/license/patent.
+ */
+#include "common/args_helper.h"
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+
+#define SET_ERR_STRING(...) \
+  if (err_msg) snprintf(err_msg, ARG_ERR_MSG_MAX_LEN, __VA_ARGS__)
+
+struct arg arg_init(char **argv) {
+  struct arg a;
+
+  a.argv = argv;
+  a.argv_step = 1;
+  a.name = NULL;
+  a.val = NULL;
+  a.def = NULL;
+  return a;
+}
+
+int arg_match_helper(struct arg *arg_, const struct arg_def *def, char **argv,
+                     char *err_msg) {
+  struct arg arg;
+
+  if (err_msg) err_msg[0] = '\0';
+
+  assert(def->has_val == 0 || def->has_val == 1 || def->has_val == -1);
+
+  if (!argv[0] || argv[0][0] != '-') return 0;
+
+  arg = arg_init(argv);
+
+  if (def->short_name && !strcmp(arg.argv[0] + 1, def->short_name)) {
+    arg.name = arg.argv[0] + 1;
+    arg.val = def->has_val ? arg.argv[1] : NULL;
+    arg.argv_step = def->has_val ? 2 : 1;
+  } else if (def->long_name) {
+    const size_t name_len = strlen(def->long_name);
+
+    if (arg.argv[0][1] == '-' &&
+        !strncmp(arg.argv[0] + 2, def->long_name, name_len) &&
+        (arg.argv[0][name_len + 2] == '=' ||
+         arg.argv[0][name_len + 2] == '\0')) {
+      arg.name = arg.argv[0] + 2;
+      arg.val = arg.name[name_len] == '=' ? arg.name + name_len + 1 : NULL;
+      arg.argv_step = 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (arg.name) {
+    if (def->has_val == -1) {
+      arg.def = def;
+      *arg_ = arg;
+      return 1;
+    }
+
+    if (!arg.val && def->has_val) {
+      SET_ERR_STRING("Error: option %s requires argument.\n", arg.name);
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    if (arg.val && !def->has_val) {
+      SET_ERR_STRING("Error: option %s requires no argument.\n", arg.name);
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    arg.def = def;
+    *arg_ = arg;
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+unsigned int arg_parse_uint_helper(const struct arg *arg, char *err_msg) {
+  char *endptr;
+  const unsigned long rawval = strtoul(arg->val, &endptr, 10);  // NOLINT
+
+  if (err_msg) err_msg[0] = '\0';
+
+  if (arg->val[0] != '\0' && endptr[0] == '\0') {
+    if (rawval <= UINT_MAX) return (unsigned int)rawval;
+    SET_ERR_STRING("Option %s: Value %lu out of range for unsigned int\n",
+                   arg->name, rawval);
+    return 0;
+  }
+  SET_ERR_STRING("Option %s: Invalid character '%c'\n", arg->name, *endptr);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int arg_parse_int_helper(const struct arg *arg, char *err_msg) {
+  char *endptr;
+  const long rawval = strtol(arg->val, &endptr, 10);  // NOLINT
+
+  if (err_msg) err_msg[0] = '\0';
+
+  if (arg->val[0] != '\0' && endptr[0] == '\0') {
+    if (rawval >= INT_MIN && rawval <= INT_MAX) return (int)rawval;
+    SET_ERR_STRING("Option %s: Value %ld out of range for signed int\n",
+                   arg->name, rawval);
+    return 0;
+  }
+  SET_ERR_STRING("Option %s: Invalid character '%c'\n", arg->name, *endptr);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+struct aom_rational arg_parse_rational_helper(const struct arg *arg,
+                                              char *err_msg) {
+  long rawval;  // NOLINT
+  char *endptr;
+  struct aom_rational rat = { 0, 1 };
+
+  if (err_msg) err_msg[0] = '\0';
+
+  /* parse numerator */
+  rawval = strtol(arg->val, &endptr, 10);
+
+  if (arg->val[0] != '\0' && endptr[0] == '/') {
+    if (rawval >= INT_MIN && rawval <= INT_MAX) {
+      rat.num = (int)rawval;
+    } else {
+      SET_ERR_STRING("Option %s: Value %ld out of range for signed int\n",
+                     arg->name, rawval);
+      return rat;
+    }
+  } else {
+    SET_ERR_STRING("Option %s: Expected / at '%c'\n", arg->name, *endptr);
+    return rat;
+  }
+
+  /* parse denominator */
+  rawval = strtol(endptr + 1, &endptr, 10);
+
+  if (arg->val[0] != '\0' && endptr[0] == '\0') {
+    if (rawval >= INT_MIN && rawval <= INT_MAX) {
+      rat.den = (int)rawval;
+    } else {
+      SET_ERR_STRING("Option %s: Value %ld out of range for signed int\n",
+                     arg->name, rawval);
+      return rat;
+    }
+  } else {
+    SET_ERR_STRING("Option %s: Invalid character '%c'\n", arg->name, *endptr);
+    return rat;
+  }
+
+  return rat;
+}
+
+int arg_parse_enum_helper(const struct arg *arg, char *err_msg) {
+  const struct arg_enum_list *listptr;
+  long rawval;  // NOLINT
+  char *endptr;
+
+  if (err_msg) err_msg[0] = '\0';
+
+  /* First see if the value can be parsed as a raw value */
+  rawval = strtol(arg->val, &endptr, 10);
+  if (arg->val[0] != '\0' && endptr[0] == '\0') {
+    /* Got a raw value, make sure it's valid */
+    for (listptr = arg->def->enums; listptr->name; listptr++)
+      if (listptr->val == rawval) return (int)rawval;
+  }
+
+  /* Next see if it can be parsed as a string */
+  for (listptr = arg->def->enums; listptr->name; listptr++)
+    if (!strcmp(arg->val, listptr->name)) return listptr->val;
+
+  SET_ERR_STRING("Option %s: Invalid value '%s'\n", arg->name, arg->val);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int arg_parse_enum_or_int_helper(const struct arg *arg, char *err_msg) {
+  if (arg->def->enums) return arg_parse_enum_helper(arg, err_msg);
+  return arg_parse_int_helper(arg, err_msg);
+}
+
+// parse a comma separated list of at most n integers
+// return the number of elements in the list
+int arg_parse_list_helper(const struct arg *arg, int *list, int n,
+                          char *err_msg) {
+  const char *ptr = arg->val;
+  char *endptr;
+  int i = 0;
+
+  if (err_msg) err_msg[0] = '\0';
+
+  while (ptr[0] != '\0') {
+    long rawval = strtol(ptr, &endptr, 10);  // NOLINT
+    if (rawval < INT_MIN || rawval > INT_MAX) {
+      SET_ERR_STRING("Option %s: Value %ld out of range for signed int\n",
+                     arg->name, rawval);
+      return 0;
+    } else if (i >= n) {
+      SET_ERR_STRING("Option %s: List has more than %d entries\n", arg->name,
+                     n);
+      return 0;
+    } else if (*endptr == ',') {
+      endptr++;
+    } else if (*endptr != '\0') {
+      SET_ERR_STRING("Option %s: Bad list separator '%c'\n", arg->name,
+                     *endptr);
+      return 0;
+    }
+    list[i++] = (int)rawval;
+    ptr = endptr;
+  }
+  return i;
+}