/*
 * Copyright (c) 2016, Alliance for Open Media. All rights reserved
 *
 * This source code is subject to the terms of the BSD 2 Clause License and
 * the Alliance for Open Media Patent License 1.0. If the BSD 2 Clause License
 * was not distributed with this source code in the LICENSE file, you can
 * obtain it at www.aomedia.org/license/software. If the Alliance for Open
 * Media Patent License 1.0 was not distributed with this source code in the
 * PATENTS file, you can obtain it at www.aomedia.org/license/patent.

 */

#include <assert.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>

#include "config/aom_dsp_rtcd.h"
#include "config/av1_rtcd.h"

#include "aom_dsp/aom_dsp_common.h"
#include "aom_dsp/blend.h"
#include "aom_mem/aom_mem.h"
#include "aom_ports/aom_timer.h"
#include "aom_ports/mem.h"

#include "av1/encoder/model_rd.h"
#include "av1/common/mvref_common.h"
#include "av1/common/pred_common.h"
#include "av1/common/reconinter.h"
#include "av1/common/reconintra.h"

#include "av1/encoder/encodemv.h"
#include "av1/encoder/rdopt.h"
#include "av1/encoder/reconinter_enc.h"
#include "av1/encoder/var_based_part.h"
#include "av1/encoder/palette.h"
#include "av1/encoder/intra_mode_search.h"

extern int g_pick_inter_mode_cnt;
/*!\cond */
typedef struct {
  uint8_t *data;
  int stride;
  int in_use;
} PRED_BUFFER;

typedef struct {
  PRED_BUFFER *best_pred;
  PREDICTION_MODE best_mode;
  TX_SIZE best_tx_size;
  MV_REFERENCE_FRAME best_ref_frame;
  MV_REFERENCE_FRAME best_second_ref_frame;
  uint8_t best_mode_skip_txfm;
  uint8_t best_mode_initial_skip_flag;
  int_interpfilters best_pred_filter;
  MOTION_MODE best_motion_mode;
  WarpedMotionParams wm_params;
  int num_proj_ref;
  uint8_t blk_skip[MAX_MIB_SIZE * MAX_MIB_SIZE / 4];
  PALETTE_MODE_INFO pmi;
} BEST_PICKMODE;

typedef struct {
  MV_REFERENCE_FRAME ref_frame;
  PREDICTION_MODE pred_mode;
} REF_MODE;

typedef struct {
  InterpFilter filter_x;
  InterpFilter filter_y;
} INTER_FILTER;
/*!\endcond */

#define NUM_INTER_MODES_RT 9
#define NUM_INTER_MODES_REDUCED 8

static const REF_MODE ref_mode_set_rt[NUM_INTER_MODES_RT] = {
  { LAST_FRAME, NEARESTMV },   { LAST_FRAME, NEARMV },
  { LAST_FRAME, NEWMV },       { GOLDEN_FRAME, NEARESTMV },
  { GOLDEN_FRAME, NEARMV },    { GOLDEN_FRAME, NEWMV },
  { ALTREF_FRAME, NEARESTMV }, { ALTREF_FRAME, NEARMV },
  { ALTREF_FRAME, NEWMV }
};

// GLOBALMV in the set below is in fact ZEROMV as we don't do global ME in RT
// mode
static const REF_MODE ref_mode_set_reduced[NUM_INTER_MODES_REDUCED] = {
  { LAST_FRAME, GLOBALMV },   { LAST_FRAME, NEARESTMV },
  { GOLDEN_FRAME, GLOBALMV }, { LAST_FRAME, NEARMV },
  { LAST_FRAME, NEWMV },      { GOLDEN_FRAME, NEARESTMV },
  { GOLDEN_FRAME, NEARMV },   { GOLDEN_FRAME, NEWMV }
};

static const THR_MODES mode_idx[REF_FRAMES][4] = {
  { THR_DC, THR_V_PRED, THR_H_PRED, THR_SMOOTH },
  { THR_NEARESTMV, THR_NEARMV, THR_GLOBALMV, THR_NEWMV },
  { THR_NEARESTL2, THR_NEARL2, THR_GLOBALL2, THR_NEWL2 },
  { THR_NEARESTL3, THR_NEARL3, THR_GLOBALL3, THR_NEWL3 },
  { THR_NEARESTG, THR_NEARG, THR_GLOBALMV, THR_NEWG },
};

static const PREDICTION_MODE intra_mode_list[] = { DC_PRED, V_PRED, H_PRED,
                                                   SMOOTH_PRED };

static const INTER_FILTER filters_ref_set[9] = {
  { EIGHTTAP_REGULAR, EIGHTTAP_REGULAR }, { EIGHTTAP_SMOOTH, EIGHTTAP_SMOOTH },
  { EIGHTTAP_REGULAR, EIGHTTAP_SMOOTH },  { EIGHTTAP_SMOOTH, EIGHTTAP_REGULAR },
  { MULTITAP_SHARP, MULTITAP_SHARP },     { EIGHTTAP_REGULAR, MULTITAP_SHARP },
  { MULTITAP_SHARP, EIGHTTAP_REGULAR },   { EIGHTTAP_SMOOTH, MULTITAP_SHARP },
  { MULTITAP_SHARP, EIGHTTAP_SMOOTH }
};

static INLINE int mode_offset(const PREDICTION_MODE mode) {
  if (mode >= NEARESTMV) {
    return INTER_OFFSET(mode);
  } else {
    switch (mode) {
      case DC_PRED: return 0;
      case V_PRED: return 1;
      case H_PRED: return 2;
      case SMOOTH_PRED: return 3;
      default: assert(0); return -1;
    }
  }
}

enum {
  //  INTER_ALL = (1 << NEARESTMV) | (1 << NEARMV) | (1 << NEWMV),
  INTER_NEAREST = (1 << NEARESTMV),
  INTER_NEAREST_NEW = (1 << NEARESTMV) | (1 << NEWMV),
  INTER_NEAREST_NEAR = (1 << NEARESTMV) | (1 << NEARMV),
  INTER_NEAR_NEW = (1 << NEARMV) | (1 << NEWMV),
};

static INLINE void init_best_pickmode(BEST_PICKMODE *bp) {
  bp->best_mode = NEARESTMV;
  bp->best_ref_frame = LAST_FRAME;
  bp->best_second_ref_frame = NONE_FRAME;
  bp->best_tx_size = TX_8X8;
  bp->best_pred_filter = av1_broadcast_interp_filter(EIGHTTAP_REGULAR);
  bp->best_mode_skip_txfm = 0;
  bp->best_mode_initial_skip_flag = 0;
  bp->best_pred = NULL;
  bp->best_motion_mode = SIMPLE_TRANSLATION;
  bp->num_proj_ref = 0;
  memset(&bp->wm_params, 0, sizeof(bp->wm_params));
  memset(&bp->blk_skip, 0, sizeof(bp->blk_skip));
  memset(&bp->pmi, 0, sizeof(bp->pmi));
}

static INLINE int subpel_select(AV1_COMP *cpi, BLOCK_SIZE bsize, int_mv *mv) {
  int mv_thresh = 4;
  const int is_low_resoln =
      (cpi->common.width * cpi->common.height <= 320 * 240);
  mv_thresh = (bsize > BLOCK_32X32) ? 2 : (bsize > BLOCK_16X16) ? 4 : 6;
  if (cpi->rc.avg_frame_low_motion > 0 && cpi->rc.avg_frame_low_motion < 40)
    mv_thresh = 12;
  mv_thresh = (is_low_resoln) ? mv_thresh >> 1 : mv_thresh;
  if (abs(mv->as_fullmv.row) >= mv_thresh ||
      abs(mv->as_fullmv.col) >= mv_thresh)
    return HALF_PEL;
  else
    return cpi->sf.mv_sf.subpel_force_stop;
}

/*!\brief Runs Motion Estimation for a specific block and specific ref frame.
 *
 * \ingroup nonrd_mode_search
 * \callgraph
 * \callergraph
 * Finds the best Motion Vector by running Motion Estimation for a specific
 * block and a specific reference frame. Exits early if RDCost of Full Pel part
 * exceeds best RD Cost fund so far
 * \param[in]    cpi                      Top-level encoder structure
 * \param[in]    x                        Pointer to structure holding all the
 *                                        data for the current macroblock
 * \param[in]    bsize                    Current block size
 * \param[in]    mi_row                   Row index in 4x4 units
 * \param[in]    mi_col                   Column index in 4x4 units
 * \param[in]    tmp_mv                   Pointer to best found New MV
 * \param[in]    rate_mv                  Pointer to Rate of the best new MV
 * \param[in]    best_rd_sofar            RD Cost of the best mode found so far
 * \param[in]    use_base_mv              Flag, indicating that tmp_mv holds
 *                                        specific MV to start the search with
 *
 * \return Returns 0 if ME was terminated after Full Pel Search because too
 * high RD Cost. Otherwise returns 1. Best New MV is placed into \c tmp_mv.
 * Rate estimation for this vector is placed to \c rate_mv
 */
static int combined_motion_search(AV1_COMP *cpi, MACROBLOCK *x,
                                  BLOCK_SIZE bsize, int mi_row, int mi_col,
                                  int_mv *tmp_mv, int *rate_mv,
                                  int64_t best_rd_sofar, int use_base_mv) {
  MACROBLOCKD *xd = &x->e_mbd;
  const AV1_COMMON *cm = &cpi->common;
  const int num_planes = av1_num_planes(cm);
  MB_MODE_INFO *mi = xd->mi[0];
  struct buf_2d backup_yv12[MAX_MB_PLANE] = { { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 } };
  int step_param = (cpi->sf.rt_sf.fullpel_search_step_param)
                       ? cpi->sf.rt_sf.fullpel_search_step_param
                       : cpi->mv_search_params.mv_step_param;
  FULLPEL_MV start_mv;
  const int ref = mi->ref_frame[0];
  const MV ref_mv = av1_get_ref_mv(x, mi->ref_mv_idx).as_mv;
  MV center_mv;
  int dis;
  int rv = 0;
  int cost_list[5];
  int search_subpel = 1;
  const YV12_BUFFER_CONFIG *scaled_ref_frame =
      av1_get_scaled_ref_frame(cpi, ref);

  if (scaled_ref_frame) {
    int i;
    // Swap out the reference frame for a version that's been scaled to
    // match the resolution of the current frame, allowing the existing
    // motion search code to be used without additional modifications.
    for (i = 0; i < MAX_MB_PLANE; i++) backup_yv12[i] = xd->plane[i].pre[0];
    av1_setup_pre_planes(xd, 0, scaled_ref_frame, mi_row, mi_col, NULL,
                         num_planes);
  }

  start_mv = get_fullmv_from_mv(&ref_mv);

  if (!use_base_mv)
    center_mv = ref_mv;
  else
    center_mv = tmp_mv->as_mv;
  const search_site_config *src_search_sites =
      cpi->mv_search_params.search_site_cfg[SS_CFG_SRC];
  FULLPEL_MOTION_SEARCH_PARAMS full_ms_params;
  av1_make_default_fullpel_ms_params(&full_ms_params, cpi, x, bsize, &center_mv,
                                     src_search_sites,
                                     /*fine_search_interval=*/0);

  av1_full_pixel_search(start_mv, &full_ms_params, step_param,
                        cond_cost_list(cpi, cost_list), &tmp_mv->as_fullmv,
                        NULL);

  // calculate the bit cost on motion vector
  MV mvp_full = get_mv_from_fullmv(&tmp_mv->as_fullmv);

  *rate_mv = av1_mv_bit_cost(&mvp_full, &ref_mv, x->mv_costs->nmv_joint_cost,
                             x->mv_costs->mv_cost_stack, MV_COST_WEIGHT);

  // TODO(kyslov) Account for Rate Mode!
  rv = !(RDCOST(x->rdmult, (*rate_mv), 0) > best_rd_sofar);

  if (rv && search_subpel) {
    SUBPEL_MOTION_SEARCH_PARAMS ms_params;
    av1_make_default_subpel_ms_params(&ms_params, cpi, x, bsize, &ref_mv,
                                      cost_list);
    if (cpi->sf.rt_sf.force_half_pel_block &&
        cpi->sf.mv_sf.subpel_force_stop < HALF_PEL)
      ms_params.forced_stop = subpel_select(cpi, bsize, tmp_mv);
    MV subpel_start_mv = get_mv_from_fullmv(&tmp_mv->as_fullmv);
    cpi->mv_search_params.find_fractional_mv_step(
        xd, cm, &ms_params, subpel_start_mv, &tmp_mv->as_mv, &dis,
        &x->pred_sse[ref], NULL);

    *rate_mv =
        av1_mv_bit_cost(&tmp_mv->as_mv, &ref_mv, x->mv_costs->nmv_joint_cost,
                        x->mv_costs->mv_cost_stack, MV_COST_WEIGHT);
  }

  if (scaled_ref_frame) {
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < MAX_MB_PLANE; i++) xd->plane[i].pre[0] = backup_yv12[i];
  }
  // Final MV can not be equal to referance MV as this will trigger assert
  // later. This can happen if both NEAREST and NEAR modes were skipped
  rv = (tmp_mv->as_mv.col != ref_mv.col || tmp_mv->as_mv.row != ref_mv.row);
  return rv;
}

/*!\brief Searches for the best New Motion Vector.
 *
 * \ingroup nonrd_mode_search
 * \callgraph
 * \callergraph
 * Finds the best Motion Vector by doing Motion Estimation. Uses reduced
 * complexity ME for non-LAST frames or calls \c combined_motion_search
 * for LAST reference frame
 * \param[in]    cpi                      Top-level encoder structure
 * \param[in]    x                        Pointer to structure holding all the
 *                                        data for the current macroblock
 * \param[in]    frame_mv                 Array that holds MVs for all modes
 *                                        and ref frames
 * \param[in]    ref_frame                Reference freme for which to find
 *                                        the best New MVs
 * \param[in]    gf_temporal_ref          Flag, indicating temporal reference
 *                                        for GOLDEN frame
 * \param[in]    bsize                    Current block size
 * \param[in]    mi_row                   Row index in 4x4 units
 * \param[in]    mi_col                   Column index in 4x4 units
 * \param[in]    rate_mv                  Pointer to Rate of the best new MV
 * \param[in]    best_rdc                 Pointer to the RD Cost for the best
 *                                        mode found so far
 *
 * \return Returns -1 if the search was not done, otherwise returns 0.
 * Best New MV is placed into \c frame_mv array, Rate estimation for this
 * vector is placed to \c rate_mv
 */
static int search_new_mv(AV1_COMP *cpi, MACROBLOCK *x,
                         int_mv frame_mv[][REF_FRAMES],
                         MV_REFERENCE_FRAME ref_frame, int gf_temporal_ref,
                         BLOCK_SIZE bsize, int mi_row, int mi_col, int *rate_mv,
                         RD_STATS *best_rdc) {
  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
  MB_MODE_INFO *const mi = xd->mi[0];
  AV1_COMMON *cm = &cpi->common;
  if (ref_frame > LAST_FRAME && cpi->oxcf.rc_cfg.mode == AOM_CBR &&
      gf_temporal_ref) {
    int tmp_sad;
    int dis;
    int cost_list[5] = { INT_MAX, INT_MAX, INT_MAX, INT_MAX, INT_MAX };

    if (bsize < BLOCK_16X16) return -1;

    tmp_sad = av1_int_pro_motion_estimation(
        cpi, x, bsize, mi_row, mi_col,
        &x->mbmi_ext.ref_mv_stack[ref_frame][0].this_mv.as_mv);

    if (tmp_sad > x->pred_mv_sad[LAST_FRAME]) return -1;

    frame_mv[NEWMV][ref_frame].as_int = mi->mv[0].as_int;
    int_mv best_mv = mi->mv[0];
    best_mv.as_mv.row >>= 3;
    best_mv.as_mv.col >>= 3;
    MV ref_mv = av1_get_ref_mv(x, 0).as_mv;

    *rate_mv = av1_mv_bit_cost(&frame_mv[NEWMV][ref_frame].as_mv, &ref_mv,
                               x->mv_costs->nmv_joint_cost,
                               x->mv_costs->mv_cost_stack, MV_COST_WEIGHT);
    frame_mv[NEWMV][ref_frame].as_mv.row >>= 3;
    frame_mv[NEWMV][ref_frame].as_mv.col >>= 3;

    SUBPEL_MOTION_SEARCH_PARAMS ms_params;
    av1_make_default_subpel_ms_params(&ms_params, cpi, x, bsize, &ref_mv,
                                      cost_list);
    if (cpi->sf.rt_sf.force_half_pel_block &&
        cpi->sf.mv_sf.subpel_force_stop < HALF_PEL)
      ms_params.forced_stop = subpel_select(cpi, bsize, &best_mv);
    MV start_mv = get_mv_from_fullmv(&best_mv.as_fullmv);
    cpi->mv_search_params.find_fractional_mv_step(
        xd, cm, &ms_params, start_mv, &best_mv.as_mv, &dis,
        &x->pred_sse[ref_frame], NULL);
    frame_mv[NEWMV][ref_frame].as_int = best_mv.as_int;
  } else if (!combined_motion_search(cpi, x, bsize, mi_row, mi_col,
                                     &frame_mv[NEWMV][ref_frame], rate_mv,
                                     best_rdc->rdcost, 0)) {
    return -1;
  }

  return 0;
}

/*!\brief Finds predicted motion vectors for a block.
 *
 * \ingroup nonrd_mode_search
 * \callgraph
 * \callergraph
 * Finds predicted motion vectors for a block from a certain reference frame.
 * First, it fills reference MV stack, then picks the test from the stack and
 * predicts the final MV for a block for each mode.
 * \param[in]    cpi                      Top-level encoder structure
 * \param[in]    x                        Pointer to structure holding all the
 *                                        data for the current macroblock
 * \param[in]    ref_frame                Reference freme for which to find
 *                                        ref MVs
 * \param[in]    frame_mv                 Predicted MVs for a block
 * \param[in]    tile_data                Pointer to struct holding adaptive
 *                                        data/contexts/models for the tile
 *                                        during encoding
 * \param[in]    yv12_mb                  Buffer to hold predicted block
 * \param[in]    bsize                    Current block size
 * \param[in]    force_skip_low_temp_var  Flag indicating possible mode search
 *                                        prune for low temporal variance block
 * \param[in]    skip_pred_mv             Flag indicating to skip av1_mv_pred
 *
 * \return Nothing is returned. Instead, predicted MVs are placed into
 * \c frame_mv array
 */
static INLINE void find_predictors(
    AV1_COMP *cpi, MACROBLOCK *x, MV_REFERENCE_FRAME ref_frame,
    int_mv frame_mv[MB_MODE_COUNT][REF_FRAMES], TileDataEnc *tile_data,
    struct buf_2d yv12_mb[8][MAX_MB_PLANE], BLOCK_SIZE bsize,
    int force_skip_low_temp_var, int skip_pred_mv) {
  AV1_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
  MB_MODE_INFO *const mbmi = xd->mi[0];
  MB_MODE_INFO_EXT *const mbmi_ext = &x->mbmi_ext;
  const YV12_BUFFER_CONFIG *yv12 = get_ref_frame_yv12_buf(cm, ref_frame);
  const int num_planes = av1_num_planes(cm);
  (void)tile_data;

  x->pred_mv_sad[ref_frame] = INT_MAX;
  x->pred_mv0_sad[ref_frame] = INT_MAX;
  x->pred_mv1_sad[ref_frame] = INT_MAX;
  frame_mv[NEWMV][ref_frame].as_int = INVALID_MV;
  // TODO(kyslov) this needs various further optimizations. to be continued..
  assert(yv12 != NULL);
  if (yv12 != NULL) {
    const struct scale_factors *const sf =
        get_ref_scale_factors_const(cm, ref_frame);
    av1_setup_pred_block(xd, yv12_mb[ref_frame], yv12, sf, sf, num_planes);
    av1_find_mv_refs(cm, xd, mbmi, ref_frame, mbmi_ext->ref_mv_count,
                     xd->ref_mv_stack, xd->weight, NULL, mbmi_ext->global_mvs,
                     mbmi_ext->mode_context);
    // TODO(Ravi): Populate mbmi_ext->ref_mv_stack[ref_frame][4] and
    // mbmi_ext->weight[ref_frame][4] inside av1_find_mv_refs.
    av1_copy_usable_ref_mv_stack_and_weight(xd, mbmi_ext, ref_frame);
    av1_find_best_ref_mvs_from_stack(
        cm->features.allow_high_precision_mv, mbmi_ext, ref_frame,
        &frame_mv[NEARESTMV][ref_frame], &frame_mv[NEARMV][ref_frame], 0);
    frame_mv[GLOBALMV][ref_frame] = mbmi_ext->global_mvs[ref_frame];
    // Early exit for non-LAST frame if force_skip_low_temp_var is set.
    if (!av1_is_scaled(sf) && bsize >= BLOCK_8X8 && !skip_pred_mv &&
        !(force_skip_low_temp_var && ref_frame != LAST_FRAME)) {
      av1_mv_pred(cpi, x, yv12_mb[ref_frame][0].buf, yv12->y_stride, ref_frame,
                  bsize);
    }
  }
  av1_count_overlappable_neighbors(cm, xd);
  mbmi->num_proj_ref = 1;
}

static void estimate_single_ref_frame_costs(const AV1_COMMON *cm,
                                            const MACROBLOCKD *xd,
                                            const ModeCosts *mode_costs,
                                            int segment_id,
                                            unsigned int *ref_costs_single) {
  int seg_ref_active =
      segfeature_active(&cm->seg, segment_id, SEG_LVL_REF_FRAME);
  if (seg_ref_active) {
    memset(ref_costs_single, 0, REF_FRAMES * sizeof(*ref_costs_single));
  } else {
    int intra_inter_ctx = av1_get_intra_inter_context(xd);
    ref_costs_single[INTRA_FRAME] =
        mode_costs->intra_inter_cost[intra_inter_ctx][0];
    unsigned int base_cost = mode_costs->intra_inter_cost[intra_inter_ctx][1];
    ref_costs_single[LAST_FRAME] = base_cost;
    ref_costs_single[GOLDEN_FRAME] = base_cost;
    ref_costs_single[ALTREF_FRAME] = base_cost;
    // add cost for last, golden, altref
    ref_costs_single[LAST_FRAME] += mode_costs->single_ref_cost[0][0][0];
    ref_costs_single[GOLDEN_FRAME] += mode_costs->single_ref_cost[0][0][1];
    ref_costs_single[GOLDEN_FRAME] += mode_costs->single_ref_cost[0][1][0];
    ref_costs_single[ALTREF_FRAME] += mode_costs->single_ref_cost[0][0][1];
    ref_costs_single[ALTREF_FRAME] += mode_costs->single_ref_cost[0][2][0];
  }
}

static TX_SIZE calculate_tx_size(const AV1_COMP *const cpi, BLOCK_SIZE bsize,
                                 MACROBLOCK *const x, unsigned int var,
                                 unsigned int sse) {
  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
  TX_SIZE tx_size;
  const TxfmSearchParams *txfm_params = &x->txfm_search_params;
  if (txfm_params->tx_mode_search_type == TX_MODE_SELECT) {
    if (sse > (var << 1))
      tx_size =
          AOMMIN(max_txsize_lookup[bsize],
                 tx_mode_to_biggest_tx_size[txfm_params->tx_mode_search_type]);
    else
      tx_size = TX_8X8;

    if (cpi->oxcf.q_cfg.aq_mode == CYCLIC_REFRESH_AQ &&
        cyclic_refresh_segment_id_boosted(xd->mi[0]->segment_id))
      tx_size = TX_8X8;
    else if (tx_size > TX_16X16)
      tx_size = TX_16X16;
  } else {
    tx_size =
        AOMMIN(max_txsize_lookup[bsize],
               tx_mode_to_biggest_tx_size[txfm_params->tx_mode_search_type]);
  }

  if (txfm_params->tx_mode_search_type != ONLY_4X4 && bsize > BLOCK_32X32)
    tx_size = TX_16X16;

  return AOMMIN(tx_size, TX_16X16);
}

static const uint8_t b_width_log2_lookup[BLOCK_SIZES] = { 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 2,
                                                          2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4,
                                                          4, 4, 5, 5 };
static const uint8_t b_height_log2_lookup[BLOCK_SIZES] = { 0, 1, 0, 1, 2, 1,
                                                           2, 3, 2, 3, 4, 3,
                                                           4, 5, 4, 5 };

static void block_variance(const uint8_t *src, int src_stride,
                           const uint8_t *ref, int ref_stride, int w, int h,
                           unsigned int *sse, int *sum, int block_size,
                           uint32_t *sse8x8, int *sum8x8, uint32_t *var8x8) {
  int i, j, k = 0;

  *sse = 0;
  *sum = 0;

  for (i = 0; i < h; i += block_size) {
    for (j = 0; j < w; j += block_size) {
      aom_get8x8var(src + src_stride * i + j, src_stride,
                    ref + ref_stride * i + j, ref_stride, &sse8x8[k],
                    &sum8x8[k]);
      *sse += sse8x8[k];
      *sum += sum8x8[k];
      var8x8[k] = sse8x8[k] - (uint32_t)(((int64_t)sum8x8[k] * sum8x8[k]) >> 6);
      k++;
    }
  }
}

static void calculate_variance(int bw, int bh, TX_SIZE tx_size,
                               unsigned int *sse_i, int *sum_i,
                               unsigned int *var_o, unsigned int *sse_o,
                               int *sum_o) {
  const BLOCK_SIZE unit_size = txsize_to_bsize[tx_size];
  const int nw = 1 << (bw - b_width_log2_lookup[unit_size]);
  const int nh = 1 << (bh - b_height_log2_lookup[unit_size]);
  int i, j, k = 0;

  for (i = 0; i < nh; i += 2) {
    for (j = 0; j < nw; j += 2) {
      sse_o[k] = sse_i[i * nw + j] + sse_i[i * nw + j + 1] +
                 sse_i[(i + 1) * nw + j] + sse_i[(i + 1) * nw + j + 1];
      sum_o[k] = sum_i[i * nw + j] + sum_i[i * nw + j + 1] +
                 sum_i[(i + 1) * nw + j] + sum_i[(i + 1) * nw + j + 1];
      var_o[k] = sse_o[k] - (uint32_t)(((int64_t)sum_o[k] * sum_o[k]) >>
                                       (b_width_log2_lookup[unit_size] +
                                        b_height_log2_lookup[unit_size] + 6));
      k++;
    }
  }
}

// Adjust the ac_thr according to speed, width, height and normalized sum
static int ac_thr_factor(const int speed, const int width, const int height,
                         const int norm_sum) {
  if (speed >= 8 && norm_sum < 5) {
    if (width <= 640 && height <= 480)
      return 4;
    else
      return 2;
  }
  return 1;
}

static void model_skip_for_sb_y_large(AV1_COMP *cpi, BLOCK_SIZE bsize,
                                      int mi_row, int mi_col, MACROBLOCK *x,
                                      MACROBLOCKD *xd, RD_STATS *rd_stats,
                                      int *early_term, int calculate_rd) {
  // Note our transform coeffs are 8 times an orthogonal transform.
  // Hence quantizer step is also 8 times. To get effective quantizer
  // we need to divide by 8 before sending to modeling function.
  unsigned int sse;
  struct macroblock_plane *const p = &x->plane[0];
  struct macroblockd_plane *const pd = &xd->plane[0];
  const uint32_t dc_quant = p->dequant_QTX[0];
  const uint32_t ac_quant = p->dequant_QTX[1];
  const int64_t dc_thr = dc_quant * dc_quant >> 6;
  int64_t ac_thr = ac_quant * ac_quant >> 6;
  unsigned int var;
  int sum;

  const int bw = b_width_log2_lookup[bsize];
  const int bh = b_height_log2_lookup[bsize];
  const int num8x8 = 1 << (bw + bh - 2);
  unsigned int sse8x8[256] = { 0 };
  int sum8x8[256] = { 0 };
  unsigned int var8x8[256] = { 0 };
  TX_SIZE tx_size;
  int k;
  // Calculate variance for whole partition, and also save 8x8 blocks' variance
  // to be used in following transform skipping test.
  block_variance(p->src.buf, p->src.stride, pd->dst.buf, pd->dst.stride,
                 4 << bw, 4 << bh, &sse, &sum, 8, sse8x8, sum8x8, var8x8);
  var = sse - (unsigned int)(((int64_t)sum * sum) >> (bw + bh + 4));

  rd_stats->sse = sse;

#if CONFIG_AV1_TEMPORAL_DENOISING
  if (cpi->oxcf.noise_sensitivity > 0 && denoise_svc(cpi) &&
      cpi->oxcf.speed > 5)
    ac_thr = av1_scale_acskip_thresh(ac_thr, cpi->denoiser.denoising_level,
                                     (abs(sum) >> (bw + bh)),
                                     cpi->svc.temporal_layer_id);
  else
    ac_thr *= ac_thr_factor(cpi->oxcf.speed, cpi->common.width,
                            cpi->common.height, abs(sum) >> (bw + bh));
#else
  ac_thr *= ac_thr_factor(cpi->oxcf.speed, cpi->common.width,
                          cpi->common.height, abs(sum) >> (bw + bh));

#endif
  tx_size = calculate_tx_size(cpi, bsize, x, var, sse);
  // The code below for setting skip flag assumes tranform size of at least 8x8,
  // so force this lower limit on transform.
  if (tx_size < TX_8X8) tx_size = TX_8X8;
  xd->mi[0]->tx_size = tx_size;

  // Evaluate if the partition block is a skippable block in Y plane.
  {
    unsigned int sse16x16[64] = { 0 };
    int sum16x16[64] = { 0 };
    unsigned int var16x16[64] = { 0 };
    const int num16x16 = num8x8 >> 2;

    unsigned int sse32x32[16] = { 0 };
    int sum32x32[16] = { 0 };
    unsigned int var32x32[16] = { 0 };
    const int num32x32 = num8x8 >> 4;

    int ac_test = 1;
    int dc_test = 1;
    const int num = (tx_size == TX_8X8)
                        ? num8x8
                        : ((tx_size == TX_16X16) ? num16x16 : num32x32);
    const unsigned int *sse_tx =
        (tx_size == TX_8X8) ? sse8x8
                            : ((tx_size == TX_16X16) ? sse16x16 : sse32x32);
    const unsigned int *var_tx =
        (tx_size == TX_8X8) ? var8x8
                            : ((tx_size == TX_16X16) ? var16x16 : var32x32);

    // Calculate variance if tx_size > TX_8X8
    if (tx_size >= TX_16X16)
      calculate_variance(bw, bh, TX_8X8, sse8x8, sum8x8, var16x16, sse16x16,
                         sum16x16);
    if (tx_size == TX_32X32)
      calculate_variance(bw, bh, TX_16X16, sse16x16, sum16x16, var32x32,
                         sse32x32, sum32x32);

    // Skipping test
    *early_term = 0;
    for (k = 0; k < num; k++)
      // Check if all ac coefficients can be quantized to zero.
      if (!(var_tx[k] < ac_thr || var == 0)) {
        ac_test = 0;
        break;
      }

    for (k = 0; k < num; k++)
      // Check if dc coefficient can be quantized to zero.
      if (!(sse_tx[k] - var_tx[k] < dc_thr || sse == var)) {
        dc_test = 0;
        break;
      }

    if (ac_test && dc_test) {
      int skip_uv[2] = { 0 };
      unsigned int var_uv[2];
      unsigned int sse_uv[2];
      AV1_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
      // Transform skipping test in UV planes.
      for (int i = 1; i <= 2; i++) {
        int j = i - 1;
        skip_uv[j] = 1;
        if (x->color_sensitivity[j]) {
          skip_uv[j] = 0;
          struct macroblock_plane *const puv = &x->plane[i];
          struct macroblockd_plane *const puvd = &xd->plane[i];
          const BLOCK_SIZE uv_bsize = get_plane_block_size(
              bsize, puvd->subsampling_x, puvd->subsampling_y);
          // Adjust these thresholds for UV.
          const int64_t uv_dc_thr =
              (puv->dequant_QTX[0] * puv->dequant_QTX[0]) >> 3;
          const int64_t uv_ac_thr =
              (puv->dequant_QTX[1] * puv->dequant_QTX[1]) >> 3;
          av1_enc_build_inter_predictor(cm, xd, mi_row, mi_col, NULL, bsize, i,
                                        i);
          var_uv[j] = cpi->ppi->fn_ptr[uv_bsize].vf(
              puv->src.buf, puv->src.stride, puvd->dst.buf, puvd->dst.stride,
              &sse_uv[j]);
          if ((var_uv[j] < uv_ac_thr || var_uv[j] == 0) &&
              (sse_uv[j] - var_uv[j] < uv_dc_thr || sse_uv[j] == var_uv[j]))
            skip_uv[j] = 1;
          else
            break;
        }
      }
      if (skip_uv[0] & skip_uv[1]) {
        *early_term = 1;
      }
    }
  }
  if (calculate_rd) {
    if (!*early_term) {
      const int bwide = block_size_wide[bsize];
      const int bhigh = block_size_high[bsize];

      model_rd_with_curvfit(cpi, x, bsize, AOM_PLANE_Y, sse, bwide * bhigh,
                            &rd_stats->rate, &rd_stats->dist);
    }

    if (*early_term) {
      rd_stats->rate = 0;
      rd_stats->dist = sse << 4;
    }
  }
}

static void model_rd_for_sb_y(const AV1_COMP *const cpi, BLOCK_SIZE bsize,
                              MACROBLOCK *x, MACROBLOCKD *xd,
                              RD_STATS *rd_stats, int calculate_rd) {
  // Note our transform coeffs are 8 times an orthogonal transform.
  // Hence quantizer step is also 8 times. To get effective quantizer
  // we need to divide by 8 before sending to modeling function.
  const int ref = xd->mi[0]->ref_frame[0];

  assert(bsize < BLOCK_SIZES_ALL);

  struct macroblock_plane *const p = &x->plane[0];
  struct macroblockd_plane *const pd = &xd->plane[0];
  unsigned int sse;
  int rate;
  int64_t dist;

  unsigned int var = cpi->ppi->fn_ptr[bsize].vf(
      p->src.buf, p->src.stride, pd->dst.buf, pd->dst.stride, &sse);
  xd->mi[0]->tx_size = calculate_tx_size(cpi, bsize, x, var, sse);

  if (calculate_rd) {
    const int bwide = block_size_wide[bsize];
    const int bhigh = block_size_high[bsize];
    model_rd_with_curvfit(cpi, x, bsize, AOM_PLANE_Y, sse, bwide * bhigh, &rate,
                          &dist);
  } else {
    rate = INT_MAX;  // this will be overwritten later with block_yrd
    dist = INT_MAX;
  }
  rd_stats->sse = sse;
  x->pred_sse[ref] = (unsigned int)AOMMIN(sse, UINT_MAX);

  assert(rate >= 0);

  rd_stats->skip_txfm = (rate == 0);
  rate = AOMMIN(rate, INT_MAX);
  rd_stats->rate = rate;
  rd_stats->dist = dist;
}

/*!\brief Calculates RD Cost using Hadamard transform.
 *
 * \ingroup nonrd_mode_search
 * \callgraph
 * \callergraph
 * Calculates RD Cost using Hadamard transform. For low bit depth this function
 * uses low-precision set of functions (16-bit) and 32 bit for high bit depth
 * \param[in]    cpi            Top-level encoder structure
 * \param[in]    x              Pointer to structure holding all the data for
                                the current macroblock
 * \param[in]    mi_row         Row index in 4x4 units
 * \param[in]    mi_col         Column index in 4x4 units
 * \param[in]    this_rdc       Pointer to calculated RD Cost
 * \param[in]    skippable      Pointer to a flag indicating possible tx skip
 * \param[in]    bsize          Current block size
 * \param[in]    tx_size        Transform size
 *
 * \return Nothing is returned. Instead, calculated RD cost is placed to
 * \c this_rdc. \c skippable flag is set if there is no non-zero quantized
 * coefficients for Hadamard transform
 */
static void block_yrd(AV1_COMP *cpi, MACROBLOCK *x, int mi_row, int mi_col,
                      RD_STATS *this_rdc, int *skippable, BLOCK_SIZE bsize,
                      TX_SIZE tx_size) {
  MACROBLOCKD *xd = &x->e_mbd;
  const struct macroblockd_plane *pd = &xd->plane[0];
  struct macroblock_plane *const p = &x->plane[0];
  const int num_4x4_w = mi_size_wide[bsize];
  const int num_8x8_w = num_4x4_w / 2;
  const int num_4x4_h = mi_size_high[bsize];
  const int step = 1 << (tx_size << 1);
  const int block_step = (1 << tx_size);
  int block = 0;
  const int max_blocks_wide =
      num_4x4_w + (xd->mb_to_right_edge >= 0 ? 0 : xd->mb_to_right_edge >> 5);
  const int max_blocks_high =
      num_4x4_h + (xd->mb_to_bottom_edge >= 0 ? 0 : xd->mb_to_bottom_edge >> 5);
  int eob_cost = 0;
  const int bw = 4 * num_4x4_w;
  const int bh = 4 * num_4x4_h;
  const int use_hbd = is_cur_buf_hbd(xd);

  (void)mi_row;
  (void)mi_col;
  (void)cpi;

#if CONFIG_AV1_HIGHBITDEPTH
  if (use_hbd) {
    aom_highbd_subtract_block(bh, bw, p->src_diff, bw, p->src.buf,
                              p->src.stride, pd->dst.buf, pd->dst.stride,
                              x->e_mbd.bd);
  } else {
    aom_subtract_block(bh, bw, p->src_diff, bw, p->src.buf, p->src.stride,
                       pd->dst.buf, pd->dst.stride);
  }
#else
  aom_subtract_block(bh, bw, p->src_diff, bw, p->src.buf, p->src.stride,
                     pd->dst.buf, pd->dst.stride);
#endif

  *skippable = 1;
  // Keep track of the row and column of the blocks we use so that we know
  // if we are in the unrestricted motion border.
  for (int r = 0; r < max_blocks_high; r += block_step) {
    for (int c = 0; c < num_4x4_w; c += block_step) {
      if (c < max_blocks_wide) {
        const SCAN_ORDER *const scan_order = &av1_scan_orders[tx_size][DCT_DCT];
        const int block_offset = BLOCK_OFFSET(block);
        int16_t *const low_coeff = (int16_t *)p->coeff + block_offset;
        int16_t *const low_qcoeff = (int16_t *)p->qcoeff + block_offset;
        int16_t *const low_dqcoeff = (int16_t *)p->dqcoeff + block_offset;
#if CONFIG_AV1_HIGHBITDEPTH
        tran_low_t *const coeff = p->coeff + block_offset;
        tran_low_t *const qcoeff = p->qcoeff + block_offset;
        tran_low_t *const dqcoeff = p->dqcoeff + block_offset;
#else
        (void)use_hbd;
#endif
        uint16_t *const eob = &p->eobs[block];
        const int diff_stride = bw;
        const int16_t *src_diff;
        src_diff = &p->src_diff[(r * diff_stride + c) << 2];

        switch (tx_size) {
          case TX_64X64:
            assert(0);  // Not implemented
            break;
          case TX_32X32:
            assert(0);  // Not used
            break;

#if CONFIG_AV1_HIGHBITDEPTH
          case TX_16X16:
            if (use_hbd) {
              aom_hadamard_16x16(src_diff, diff_stride, coeff);
              av1_quantize_fp(coeff, 16 * 16, p->zbin_QTX, p->round_fp_QTX,
                              p->quant_fp_QTX, p->quant_shift_QTX, qcoeff,
                              dqcoeff, p->dequant_QTX, eob, scan_order->scan,
                              scan_order->iscan);
            } else {
              aom_hadamard_lp_16x16(src_diff, diff_stride, low_coeff);
              av1_quantize_lp(low_coeff, 16 * 16, p->round_fp_QTX,
                              p->quant_fp_QTX, low_qcoeff, low_dqcoeff,
                              p->dequant_QTX, eob, scan_order->scan,
                              scan_order->iscan);
            }
            break;
          case TX_8X8:
            if (use_hbd) {
              aom_hadamard_8x8(src_diff, diff_stride, coeff);
              av1_quantize_fp(coeff, 8 * 8, p->zbin_QTX, p->round_fp_QTX,
                              p->quant_fp_QTX, p->quant_shift_QTX, qcoeff,
                              dqcoeff, p->dequant_QTX, eob, scan_order->scan,
                              scan_order->iscan);
            } else {
              aom_hadamard_lp_8x8(src_diff, diff_stride, low_coeff);
              av1_quantize_lp(low_coeff, 8 * 8, p->round_fp_QTX,
                              p->quant_fp_QTX, low_qcoeff, low_dqcoeff,
                              p->dequant_QTX, eob, scan_order->scan,
                              scan_order->iscan);
            }
            break;
          default:
            assert(tx_size == TX_4X4);
            if (use_hbd) {
              aom_fdct4x4(src_diff, coeff, diff_stride);
              av1_quantize_fp(coeff, 4 * 4, p->zbin_QTX, p->round_fp_QTX,
                              p->quant_fp_QTX, p->quant_shift_QTX, qcoeff,
                              dqcoeff, p->dequant_QTX, eob, scan_order->scan,
                              scan_order->iscan);
            } else {
              aom_fdct4x4_lp(src_diff, low_coeff, diff_stride);
              av1_quantize_lp(low_coeff, 4 * 4, p->round_fp_QTX,
                              p->quant_fp_QTX, low_qcoeff, low_dqcoeff,
                              p->dequant_QTX, eob, scan_order->scan,
                              scan_order->iscan);
            }
            break;
#else
          case TX_16X16:
            aom_hadamard_lp_16x16(src_diff, diff_stride, low_coeff);
            av1_quantize_lp(low_coeff, 16 * 16, p->round_fp_QTX,
                            p->quant_fp_QTX, low_qcoeff, low_dqcoeff,
                            p->dequant_QTX, eob, scan_order->scan,
                            scan_order->iscan);
            break;
          case TX_8X8:
            aom_hadamard_lp_8x8(src_diff, diff_stride, low_coeff);
            av1_quantize_lp(low_coeff, 8 * 8, p->round_fp_QTX, p->quant_fp_QTX,
                            low_qcoeff, low_dqcoeff, p->dequant_QTX, eob,
                            scan_order->scan, scan_order->iscan);
            break;
          default:
            assert(tx_size == TX_4X4);
            aom_fdct4x4_lp(src_diff, low_coeff, diff_stride);
            av1_quantize_lp(low_coeff, 4 * 4, p->round_fp_QTX, p->quant_fp_QTX,
                            low_qcoeff, low_dqcoeff, p->dequant_QTX, eob,
                            scan_order->scan, scan_order->iscan);
            break;
#endif
        }
        assert(*eob <= 1024);
        *skippable &= (*eob == 0);
        x->txfm_search_info.blk_skip[(r * num_8x8_w + c) / 2] =
            (*eob == 0) ? 1 : 0;
        eob_cost += 1;
      }
      block += step;
    }
  }
  this_rdc->skip_txfm = *skippable;
  this_rdc->rate = 0;
  if (this_rdc->sse < INT64_MAX) {
    this_rdc->sse = (this_rdc->sse << 6) >> 2;
    if (*skippable) {
      this_rdc->dist = this_rdc->sse;
      return;
    }
  }

  block = 0;
  this_rdc->dist = 0;
  for (int r = 0; r < max_blocks_high; r += block_step) {
    for (int c = 0; c < num_4x4_w; c += block_step) {
      if (c < max_blocks_wide) {
        const int block_offset = BLOCK_OFFSET(block);
        uint16_t *const eob = &p->eobs[block];
#if CONFIG_AV1_HIGHBITDEPTH
        if (use_hbd) {
          int64_t dummy;
          tran_low_t *const coeff = p->coeff + block_offset;
          tran_low_t *const qcoeff = p->qcoeff + block_offset;
          tran_low_t *const dqcoeff = p->dqcoeff + block_offset;

          if (*eob == 1)
            this_rdc->rate += (int)abs(qcoeff[0]);
          else if (*eob > 1)
            this_rdc->rate += aom_satd(qcoeff, step << 4);

          this_rdc->dist +=
              av1_block_error(coeff, dqcoeff, step << 4, &dummy) >> 2;
        } else {
          int16_t *const low_coeff = (int16_t *)p->coeff + block_offset;
          int16_t *const low_qcoeff = (int16_t *)p->qcoeff + block_offset;
          int16_t *const low_dqcoeff = (int16_t *)p->dqcoeff + block_offset;

          if (*eob == 1)
            this_rdc->rate += (int)abs(low_qcoeff[0]);
          else if (*eob > 1)
            this_rdc->rate += aom_satd_lp(low_qcoeff, step << 4);

          this_rdc->dist +=
              av1_block_error_lp(low_coeff, low_dqcoeff, step << 4) >> 2;
        }
#else
        int16_t *const low_coeff = (int16_t *)p->coeff + block_offset;
        int16_t *const low_qcoeff = (int16_t *)p->qcoeff + block_offset;
        int16_t *const low_dqcoeff = (int16_t *)p->dqcoeff + block_offset;

        if (*eob == 1)
          this_rdc->rate += (int)abs(low_qcoeff[0]);
        else if (*eob > 1)
          this_rdc->rate += aom_satd_lp(low_qcoeff, step << 4);

        this_rdc->dist +=
            av1_block_error_lp(low_coeff, low_dqcoeff, step << 4) >> 2;
#endif
      }
      block += step;
    }
  }

  // If skippable is set, rate gets clobbered later.
  this_rdc->rate <<= (2 + AV1_PROB_COST_SHIFT);
  this_rdc->rate += (eob_cost << AV1_PROB_COST_SHIFT);
}

static INLINE void init_mbmi(MB_MODE_INFO *mbmi, PREDICTION_MODE pred_mode,
                             MV_REFERENCE_FRAME ref_frame0,
                             MV_REFERENCE_FRAME ref_frame1,
                             const AV1_COMMON *cm) {
  PALETTE_MODE_INFO *const pmi = &mbmi->palette_mode_info;
  mbmi->ref_mv_idx = 0;
  mbmi->mode = pred_mode;
  mbmi->uv_mode = UV_DC_PRED;
  mbmi->ref_frame[0] = ref_frame0;
  mbmi->ref_frame[1] = ref_frame1;
  pmi->palette_size[0] = 0;
  pmi->palette_size[1] = 0;
  mbmi->filter_intra_mode_info.use_filter_intra = 0;
  mbmi->mv[0].as_int = mbmi->mv[1].as_int = 0;
  mbmi->motion_mode = SIMPLE_TRANSLATION;
  mbmi->num_proj_ref = 1;
  mbmi->interintra_mode = 0;
  set_default_interp_filters(mbmi, cm->features.interp_filter);
}

#if CONFIG_INTERNAL_STATS
static void store_coding_context(MACROBLOCK *x, PICK_MODE_CONTEXT *ctx,
                                 int mode_index) {
#else
static void store_coding_context(MACROBLOCK *x, PICK_MODE_CONTEXT *ctx) {
#endif  // CONFIG_INTERNAL_STATS
  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
  TxfmSearchInfo *txfm_info = &x->txfm_search_info;

  // Take a snapshot of the coding context so it can be
  // restored if we decide to encode this way
  ctx->rd_stats.skip_txfm = txfm_info->skip_txfm;

  ctx->skippable = txfm_info->skip_txfm;
#if CONFIG_INTERNAL_STATS
  ctx->best_mode_index = mode_index;
#endif  // CONFIG_INTERNAL_STATS
  ctx->mic = *xd->mi[0];
  ctx->skippable = txfm_info->skip_txfm;
  av1_copy_mbmi_ext_to_mbmi_ext_frame(&ctx->mbmi_ext_best, &x->mbmi_ext,
                                      av1_ref_frame_type(xd->mi[0]->ref_frame));
}

static int get_pred_buffer(PRED_BUFFER *p, int len) {
  for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
    if (!p[i].in_use) {
      p[i].in_use = 1;
      return i;
    }
  }
  return -1;
}

static void free_pred_buffer(PRED_BUFFER *p) {
  if (p != NULL) p->in_use = 0;
}

static int cost_mv_ref(const ModeCosts *const mode_costs, PREDICTION_MODE mode,
                       int16_t mode_context) {
  if (is_inter_compound_mode(mode)) {
    return mode_costs
        ->inter_compound_mode_cost[mode_context][INTER_COMPOUND_OFFSET(mode)];
  }

  int mode_cost = 0;
  int16_t mode_ctx = mode_context & NEWMV_CTX_MASK;

  assert(is_inter_mode(mode));

  if (mode == NEWMV) {
    mode_cost = mode_costs->newmv_mode_cost[mode_ctx][0];
    return mode_cost;
  } else {
    mode_cost = mode_costs->newmv_mode_cost[mode_ctx][1];
    mode_ctx = (mode_context >> GLOBALMV_OFFSET) & GLOBALMV_CTX_MASK;

    if (mode == GLOBALMV) {
      mode_cost += mode_costs->zeromv_mode_cost[mode_ctx][0];
      return mode_cost;
    } else {
      mode_cost += mode_costs->zeromv_mode_cost[mode_ctx][1];
      mode_ctx = (mode_context >> REFMV_OFFSET) & REFMV_CTX_MASK;
      mode_cost += mode_costs->refmv_mode_cost[mode_ctx][mode != NEARESTMV];
      return mode_cost;
    }
  }
}

static void newmv_diff_bias(MACROBLOCKD *xd, PREDICTION_MODE this_mode,
                            RD_STATS *this_rdc, BLOCK_SIZE bsize, int mv_row,
                            int mv_col, int speed, uint32_t spatial_variance,
                            CONTENT_STATE_SB content_state_sb) {
  // Bias against MVs associated with NEWMV mode that are very different from
  // top/left neighbors.
  if (this_mode == NEWMV) {
    int al_mv_average_row;
    int al_mv_average_col;
    int row_diff, col_diff;
    int above_mv_valid = 0;
    int left_mv_valid = 0;
    int above_row = INVALID_MV_ROW_COL, above_col = INVALID_MV_ROW_COL;
    int left_row = INVALID_MV_ROW_COL, left_col = INVALID_MV_ROW_COL;
    if (bsize >= BLOCK_64X64 && content_state_sb.source_sad != kHighSad &&
        spatial_variance < 300 &&
        (mv_row > 16 || mv_row < -16 || mv_col > 16 || mv_col < -16)) {
      this_rdc->rdcost = this_rdc->rdcost << 2;
      return;
    }
    if (xd->above_mbmi) {
      above_mv_valid = xd->above_mbmi->mv[0].as_int != INVALID_MV;
      above_row = xd->above_mbmi->mv[0].as_mv.row;
      above_col = xd->above_mbmi->mv[0].as_mv.col;
    }
    if (xd->left_mbmi) {
      left_mv_valid = xd->left_mbmi->mv[0].as_int != INVALID_MV;
      left_row = xd->left_mbmi->mv[0].as_mv.row;
      left_col = xd->left_mbmi->mv[0].as_mv.col;
    }
    if (above_mv_valid && left_mv_valid) {
      al_mv_average_row = (above_row + left_row + 1) >> 1;
      al_mv_average_col = (above_col + left_col + 1) >> 1;
    } else if (above_mv_valid) {
      al_mv_average_row = above_row;
      al_mv_average_col = above_col;
    } else if (left_mv_valid) {
      al_mv_average_row = left_row;
      al_mv_average_col = left_col;
    } else {
      al_mv_average_row = al_mv_average_col = 0;
    }
    row_diff = al_mv_average_row - mv_row;
    col_diff = al_mv_average_col - mv_col;
    if (row_diff > 80 || row_diff < -80 || col_diff > 80 || col_diff < -80) {
      if (bsize >= BLOCK_32X32)
        this_rdc->rdcost = this_rdc->rdcost << 1;
      else
        this_rdc->rdcost = 5 * this_rdc->rdcost >> 2;
    }
  } else {
    // Bias for speed >= 8 for low spatial variance.
    if (speed >= 8 && spatial_variance < 150 &&
        (mv_row > 64 || mv_row < -64 || mv_col > 64 || mv_col < -64))
      this_rdc->rdcost = 5 * this_rdc->rdcost >> 2;
  }
}

static void model_rd_for_sb_uv(AV1_COMP *cpi, BLOCK_SIZE plane_bsize,
                               MACROBLOCK *x, MACROBLOCKD *xd,
                               RD_STATS *this_rdc, int64_t *sse_y,
                               int start_plane, int stop_plane) {
  // Note our transform coeffs are 8 times an orthogonal transform.
  // Hence quantizer step is also 8 times. To get effective quantizer
  // we need to divide by 8 before sending to modeling function.
  unsigned int sse;
  int rate;
  int64_t dist;
  int i;
  int64_t tot_sse = *sse_y;

  this_rdc->rate = 0;
  this_rdc->dist = 0;
  this_rdc->skip_txfm = 0;

  for (i = start_plane; i <= stop_plane; ++i) {
    struct macroblock_plane *const p = &x->plane[i];
    struct macroblockd_plane *const pd = &xd->plane[i];
    const uint32_t dc_quant = p->dequant_QTX[0];
    const uint32_t ac_quant = p->dequant_QTX[1];
    const BLOCK_SIZE bs = plane_bsize;
    unsigned int var;
    if (!x->color_sensitivity[i - 1]) continue;

    var = cpi->ppi->fn_ptr[bs].vf(p->src.buf, p->src.stride, pd->dst.buf,
                                  pd->dst.stride, &sse);
    assert(sse >= var);
    tot_sse += sse;

    av1_model_rd_from_var_lapndz(sse - var, num_pels_log2_lookup[bs],
                                 dc_quant >> 3, &rate, &dist);

    this_rdc->rate += rate >> 1;
    this_rdc->dist += dist << 3;

    av1_model_rd_from_var_lapndz(var, num_pels_log2_lookup[bs], ac_quant >> 3,
                                 &rate, &dist);

    this_rdc->rate += rate;
    this_rdc->dist += dist << 4;
  }

  if (this_rdc->rate == 0) {
    this_rdc->skip_txfm = 1;
  }

  if (RDCOST(x->rdmult, this_rdc->rate, this_rdc->dist) >=
      RDCOST(x->rdmult, 0, tot_sse << 4)) {
    this_rdc->rate = 0;
    this_rdc->dist = tot_sse << 4;
    this_rdc->skip_txfm = 1;
  }

  *sse_y = tot_sse;
}

/*!\cond */
struct estimate_block_intra_args {
  AV1_COMP *cpi;
  MACROBLOCK *x;
  PREDICTION_MODE mode;
  int skippable;
  RD_STATS *rdc;
};
/*!\endcond */

/*!\brief Estimation of RD cost of an intra mode for Non-RD optimized case.
 *
 * \ingroup nonrd_mode_search
 * \callgraph
 * \callergraph
 * Calculates RD Cost for an intra mode for a single TX block using Hadamard
 * transform.
 * \param[in]    plane          Color plane
 * \param[in]    block          Index of a TX block in a prediction block
 * \param[in]    row            Row of a current TX block
 * \param[in]    col            Column of a current TX block
 * \param[in]    plane_bsize    Block size of a current prediction block
 * \param[in]    tx_size        Transform size
 * \param[in]    arg            Pointer to a structure that holds paramaters
 *                              for intra mode search
 *
 * \return Nothing is returned. Instead, best mode and RD Cost of the best mode
 * are set in \c args->rdc and \c args->mode
 */
static void estimate_block_intra(int plane, int block, int row, int col,
                                 BLOCK_SIZE plane_bsize, TX_SIZE tx_size,
                                 void *arg) {
  struct estimate_block_intra_args *const args = arg;
  AV1_COMP *const cpi = args->cpi;
  AV1_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
  MACROBLOCK *const x = args->x;
  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
  struct macroblock_plane *const p = &x->plane[plane];
  struct macroblockd_plane *const pd = &xd->plane[plane];
  const BLOCK_SIZE bsize_tx = txsize_to_bsize[tx_size];
  uint8_t *const src_buf_base = p->src.buf;
  uint8_t *const dst_buf_base = pd->dst.buf;
  const int64_t src_stride = p->src.stride;
  const int64_t dst_stride = pd->dst.stride;
  RD_STATS this_rdc;

  (void)block;

  av1_predict_intra_block_facade(cm, xd, plane, col, row, tx_size);
  av1_invalid_rd_stats(&this_rdc);

  p->src.buf = &src_buf_base[4 * (row * src_stride + col)];
  pd->dst.buf = &dst_buf_base[4 * (row * dst_stride + col)];

  if (plane == 0) {
    block_yrd(cpi, x, 0, 0, &this_rdc, &args->skippable, bsize_tx,
              AOMMIN(tx_size, TX_16X16));
  } else {
    int64_t sse = 0;
    model_rd_for_sb_uv(cpi, plane_bsize, x, xd, &this_rdc, &sse, plane, plane);
  }

  p->src.buf = src_buf_base;
  pd->dst.buf = dst_buf_base;
  args->rdc->rate += this_rdc.rate;
  args->rdc->dist += this_rdc.dist;
}

static INLINE void update_thresh_freq_fact(AV1_COMP *cpi, MACROBLOCK *x,
                                           BLOCK_SIZE bsize,
                                           MV_REFERENCE_FRAME ref_frame,
                                           THR_MODES best_mode_idx,
                                           PREDICTION_MODE mode) {
  const THR_MODES thr_mode_idx = mode_idx[ref_frame][mode_offset(mode)];
  const BLOCK_SIZE min_size = AOMMAX(bsize - 3, BLOCK_4X4);
  const BLOCK_SIZE max_size = AOMMIN(bsize + 6, BLOCK_128X128);
  for (BLOCK_SIZE bs = min_size; bs <= max_size; bs += 3) {
    int *freq_fact = &x->thresh_freq_fact[bs][thr_mode_idx];
    if (thr_mode_idx == best_mode_idx) {
      *freq_fact -= (*freq_fact >> 4);
    } else {
      *freq_fact =
          AOMMIN(*freq_fact + RD_THRESH_INC,
                 cpi->sf.inter_sf.adaptive_rd_thresh * RD_THRESH_MAX_FACT);
    }
  }
}

#if CONFIG_AV1_TEMPORAL_DENOISING
static void av1_pickmode_ctx_den_update(
    AV1_PICKMODE_CTX_DEN *ctx_den, int64_t zero_last_cost_orig,
    unsigned int ref_frame_cost[REF_FRAMES],
    int_mv frame_mv[MB_MODE_COUNT][REF_FRAMES], int reuse_inter_pred,
    BEST_PICKMODE *bp) {
  ctx_den->zero_last_cost_orig = zero_last_cost_orig;
  ctx_den->ref_frame_cost = ref_frame_cost;
  ctx_den->frame_mv = frame_mv;
  ctx_den->reuse_inter_pred = reuse_inter_pred;
  ctx_den->best_tx_size = bp->best_tx_size;
  ctx_den->best_mode = bp->best_mode;
  ctx_den->best_ref_frame = bp->best_ref_frame;
  ctx_den->best_pred_filter = bp->best_pred_filter;
  ctx_den->best_mode_skip_txfm = bp->best_mode_skip_txfm;
}

static void recheck_zeromv_after_denoising(
    AV1_COMP *cpi, MB_MODE_INFO *const mi, MACROBLOCK *x, MACROBLOCKD *const xd,
    AV1_DENOISER_DECISION decision, AV1_PICKMODE_CTX_DEN *ctx_den,
    struct buf_2d yv12_mb[4][MAX_MB_PLANE], RD_STATS *best_rdc,
    BEST_PICKMODE *best_pickmode, BLOCK_SIZE bsize, int mi_row, int mi_col) {
  // If INTRA or GOLDEN reference was selected, re-evaluate ZEROMV on
  // denoised result. Only do this under noise conditions, and if rdcost of
  // ZEROMV onoriginal source is not significantly higher than rdcost of best
  // mode.
  if (cpi->noise_estimate.enabled && cpi->noise_estimate.level > kLow &&
      ctx_den->zero_last_cost_orig < (best_rdc->rdcost << 3) &&
      ((ctx_den->best_ref_frame == INTRA_FRAME && decision >= FILTER_BLOCK) ||
       (ctx_den->best_ref_frame == GOLDEN_FRAME &&
        cpi->svc.number_spatial_layers == 1 &&
        decision == FILTER_ZEROMV_BLOCK))) {
    // Check if we should pick ZEROMV on denoised signal.
    AV1_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
    RD_STATS this_rdc;
    const ModeCosts *mode_costs = &x->mode_costs;
    TxfmSearchInfo *txfm_info = &x->txfm_search_info;
    MB_MODE_INFO_EXT *const mbmi_ext = &x->mbmi_ext;

    mi->mode = GLOBALMV;
    mi->ref_frame[0] = LAST_FRAME;
    mi->ref_frame[1] = NONE_FRAME;
    set_ref_ptrs(cm, xd, mi->ref_frame[0], NONE_FRAME);
    mi->mv[0].as_int = 0;
    mi->interp_filters = av1_broadcast_interp_filter(EIGHTTAP_REGULAR);
    xd->plane[0].pre[0] = yv12_mb[LAST_FRAME][0];
    av1_enc_build_inter_predictor_y(xd, mi_row, mi_col);
    model_rd_for_sb_y(cpi, bsize, x, xd, &this_rdc, 1);

    const int16_t mode_ctx =
        av1_mode_context_analyzer(mbmi_ext->mode_context, mi->ref_frame);
    this_rdc.rate += cost_mv_ref(mode_costs, GLOBALMV, mode_ctx);

    this_rdc.rate += ctx_den->ref_frame_cost[LAST_FRAME];
    this_rdc.rdcost = RDCOST(x->rdmult, this_rdc.rate, this_rdc.dist);
    txfm_info->skip_txfm = this_rdc.skip_txfm;
    // Don't switch to ZEROMV if the rdcost for ZEROMV on denoised source
    // is higher than best_ref mode (on original source).
    if (this_rdc.rdcost > best_rdc->rdcost) {
      this_rdc = *best_rdc;
      mi->mode = best_pickmode->best_mode;
      mi->ref_frame[0] = best_pickmode->best_ref_frame;
      set_ref_ptrs(cm, xd, mi->ref_frame[0], NONE_FRAME);
      mi->interp_filters = best_pickmode->best_pred_filter;
      if (best_pickmode->best_ref_frame == INTRA_FRAME) {
        mi->mv[0].as_int = INVALID_MV;
      } else {
        mi->mv[0].as_int = ctx_den
                               ->frame_mv[best_pickmode->best_mode]
                                         [best_pickmode->best_ref_frame]
                               .as_int;
        if (ctx_den->reuse_inter_pred) {
          xd->plane[0].pre[0] = yv12_mb[GOLDEN_FRAME][0];
          av1_enc_build_inter_predictor_y(xd, mi_row, mi_col);
        }
      }
      mi->tx_size = best_pickmode->best_tx_size;
      txfm_info->skip_txfm = best_pickmode->best_mode_skip_txfm;
    } else {
      ctx_den->best_ref_frame = LAST_FRAME;
      *best_rdc = this_rdc;
    }
  }
}
#endif  // CONFIG_AV1_TEMPORAL_DENOISING

#define FILTER_SEARCH_SIZE 2

/*!\brief Searches for the best intrpolation filter
 *
 * \ingroup nonrd_mode_search
 * \callgraph
 * \callergraph
 * Iterates through subset of possible interpolation filters (EIGHTTAP_REGULAR,
 * EIGTHTAP_SMOOTH, MULTITAP_SHARP, depending on FILTER_SEARCH_SIZE) and selects
 * the one that gives lowest RD cost. RD cost is calculated using curvfit model.
 * Support for dual filters (different filters in the x & y directions) is
 * allowed if sf.interp_sf.disable_dual_filter = 0.
 *
 * \param[in]    cpi                  Top-level encoder structure
 * \param[in]    x                    Pointer to structure holding all the
 *                                    data for the current macroblock
 * \param[in]    this_rdc             Pointer to calculated RD Cost
 * \param[in]    mi_row               Row index in 4x4 units
 * \param[in]    mi_col               Column index in 4x4 units
 * \param[in]    tmp                  Pointer to a temporary buffer for
 *                                    prediction re-use
 * \param[in]    bsize                Current block size
 * \param[in]    reuse_inter_pred     Flag, indicating prediction re-use
 * \param[out]   this_mode_pred       Pointer to store prediction buffer
 *                                    for prediction re-use
 * \param[out]   this_early_term      Flag, indicating that transform can be
 *                                    skipped
 * \param[in]    use_model_yrd_large  Flag, indicating special logic to handle
 *                                    large blocks
 *
 * \return Nothing is returned. Instead, calculated RD cost is placed to
 * \c this_rdc and best filter is placed to \c mi->interp_filters. In case
 * \c reuse_inter_pred flag is set, this function also ouputs
 * \c this_mode_pred. Also \c this_early_temp is set if transform can be
 * skipped
 */
static void search_filter_ref(AV1_COMP *cpi, MACROBLOCK *x, RD_STATS *this_rdc,
                              int mi_row, int mi_col, PRED_BUFFER *tmp,
                              BLOCK_SIZE bsize, int reuse_inter_pred,
                              PRED_BUFFER **this_mode_pred,
                              int *this_early_term, int use_model_yrd_large) {
  AV1_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
  struct macroblockd_plane *const pd = &xd->plane[0];
  MB_MODE_INFO *const mi = xd->mi[0];
  const int bw = block_size_wide[bsize];
  int dim_factor =
      (cpi->sf.interp_sf.disable_dual_filter == 0) ? FILTER_SEARCH_SIZE : 1;
  RD_STATS pf_rd_stats[FILTER_SEARCH_SIZE * FILTER_SEARCH_SIZE] = { 0 };
  TX_SIZE pf_tx_size[FILTER_SEARCH_SIZE * FILTER_SEARCH_SIZE] = { 0 };
  PRED_BUFFER *current_pred = *this_mode_pred;
  int best_skip = 0;
  int best_early_term = 0;
  int64_t best_cost = INT64_MAX;
  int best_filter_index = -1;
  for (int i = 0; i < FILTER_SEARCH_SIZE * FILTER_SEARCH_SIZE; ++i) {
    int64_t cost;
    if (cpi->sf.interp_sf.disable_dual_filter &&
        filters_ref_set[i].filter_x != filters_ref_set[i].filter_y)
      continue;
    mi->interp_filters.as_filters.x_filter = filters_ref_set[i].filter_x;
    mi->interp_filters.as_filters.y_filter = filters_ref_set[i].filter_y;
    av1_enc_build_inter_predictor_y(xd, mi_row, mi_col);
    if (use_model_yrd_large)
      model_skip_for_sb_y_large(cpi, bsize, mi_row, mi_col, x, xd,
                                &pf_rd_stats[i], this_early_term, 1);
    else
      model_rd_for_sb_y(cpi, bsize, x, xd, &pf_rd_stats[i], 1);
    pf_rd_stats[i].rate += av1_get_switchable_rate(
        x, xd, cm->features.interp_filter, cm->seq_params->enable_dual_filter);
    cost = RDCOST(x->rdmult, pf_rd_stats[i].rate, pf_rd_stats[i].dist);
    pf_tx_size[i] = mi->tx_size;
    if (cost < best_cost) {
      best_filter_index = i;
      best_cost = cost;
      best_skip = pf_rd_stats[i].skip_txfm;
      best_early_term = *this_early_term;
      if (reuse_inter_pred) {
        if (*this_mode_pred != current_pred) {
          free_pred_buffer(*this_mode_pred);
          *this_mode_pred = current_pred;
        }
        current_pred = &tmp[get_pred_buffer(tmp, 3)];
        pd->dst.buf = current_pred->data;
        pd->dst.stride = bw;
      }
    }
  }
  assert(best_filter_index >= 0 &&
         best_filter_index < dim_factor * FILTER_SEARCH_SIZE);
  if (reuse_inter_pred && *this_mode_pred != current_pred)
    free_pred_buffer(current_pred);

  mi->interp_filters.as_filters.x_filter =
      filters_ref_set[best_filter_index].filter_x;
  mi->interp_filters.as_filters.y_filter =
      filters_ref_set[best_filter_index].filter_y;
  mi->tx_size = pf_tx_size[best_filter_index];
  this_rdc->rate = pf_rd_stats[best_filter_index].rate;
  this_rdc->dist = pf_rd_stats[best_filter_index].dist;
  this_rdc->sse = pf_rd_stats[best_filter_index].sse;
  this_rdc->skip_txfm = (best_skip || best_early_term);
  *this_early_term = best_early_term;
  if (reuse_inter_pred) {
    pd->dst.buf = (*this_mode_pred)->data;
    pd->dst.stride = (*this_mode_pred)->stride;
  } else if (best_filter_index < dim_factor * FILTER_SEARCH_SIZE - 1) {
    av1_enc_build_inter_predictor_y(xd, mi_row, mi_col);
  }
}
#if !CONFIG_REALTIME_ONLY
#define MOTION_MODE_SEARCH_SIZE 2

static AOM_INLINE int is_warped_mode_allowed(const AV1_COMMON *cm,
                                             MACROBLOCK *const x,
                                             const MB_MODE_INFO *mbmi) {
  const FeatureFlags *const features = &cm->features;
  const MACROBLOCKD *xd = &x->e_mbd;

  if (has_second_ref(mbmi)) return 0;
  MOTION_MODE last_motion_mode_allowed = SIMPLE_TRANSLATION;

  if (features->switchable_motion_mode) {
    // Determine which motion modes to search if more than SIMPLE_TRANSLATION
    // is allowed.
    last_motion_mode_allowed = motion_mode_allowed(
        xd->global_motion, xd, mbmi, features->allow_warped_motion);
  }

  if (last_motion_mode_allowed == WARPED_CAUSAL) {
    return 1;
  }

  return 0;
}

static void calc_num_proj_ref(AV1_COMP *cpi, MACROBLOCK *x, MB_MODE_INFO *mi) {
  AV1_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
  const FeatureFlags *const features = &cm->features;

  mi->num_proj_ref = 1;
  WARP_SAMPLE_INFO *const warp_sample_info =
      &x->warp_sample_info[mi->ref_frame[0]];
  int *pts0 = warp_sample_info->pts;
  int *pts_inref0 = warp_sample_info->pts_inref;
  MOTION_MODE last_motion_mode_allowed = SIMPLE_TRANSLATION;

  if (features->switchable_motion_mode) {
    // Determine which motion modes to search if more than SIMPLE_TRANSLATION
    // is allowed.
    last_motion_mode_allowed = motion_mode_allowed(
        xd->global_motion, xd, mi, features->allow_warped_motion);
  }

  if (last_motion_mode_allowed == WARPED_CAUSAL) {
    if (warp_sample_info->num < 0) {
      warp_sample_info->num = av1_findSamples(cm, xd, pts0, pts_inref0);
    }
    mi->num_proj_ref = warp_sample_info->num;
  }
}

static void search_motion_mode(AV1_COMP *cpi, MACROBLOCK *x, RD_STATS *this_rdc,
                               int mi_row, int mi_col, BLOCK_SIZE bsize,
                               int *this_early_term, int use_model_yrd_large,
                               int *rate_mv) {
  AV1_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
  const FeatureFlags *const features = &cm->features;
  MB_MODE_INFO *const mi = xd->mi[0];
  RD_STATS pf_rd_stats[MOTION_MODE_SEARCH_SIZE] = { 0 };
  int best_skip = 0;
  int best_early_term = 0;
  int64_t best_cost = INT64_MAX;
  int best_mode_index = -1;
  const int interp_filter = features->interp_filter;

  const MOTION_MODE motion_modes[MOTION_MODE_SEARCH_SIZE] = {
    SIMPLE_TRANSLATION, WARPED_CAUSAL
  };
  int mode_search_size = is_warped_mode_allowed(cm, x, mi) ? 2 : 1;

  WARP_SAMPLE_INFO *const warp_sample_info =
      &x->warp_sample_info[mi->ref_frame[0]];
  int *pts0 = warp_sample_info->pts;
  int *pts_inref0 = warp_sample_info->pts_inref;

  const int total_samples = mi->num_proj_ref;
  if (total_samples == 0) {
    // Do not search WARPED_CAUSAL if there are no samples to use to determine
    // warped parameters.
    mode_search_size = 1;
  }

  const MB_MODE_INFO base_mbmi = *mi;
  MB_MODE_INFO best_mbmi;

  for (int i = 0; i < mode_search_size; ++i) {
    int64_t cost = INT64_MAX;
    MOTION_MODE motion_mode = motion_modes[i];
    *mi = base_mbmi;
    mi->motion_mode = motion_mode;
    if (motion_mode == SIMPLE_TRANSLATION) {
      mi->interp_filters = av1_broadcast_interp_filter(EIGHTTAP_REGULAR);

      av1_enc_build_inter_predictor(cm, xd, mi_row, mi_col, NULL, bsize, 0, 0);
      if (use_model_yrd_large)
        model_skip_for_sb_y_large(cpi, bsize, mi_row, mi_col, x, xd,
                                  &pf_rd_stats[i], this_early_term, 1);
      else
        model_rd_for_sb_y(cpi, bsize, x, xd, &pf_rd_stats[i], 1);
      pf_rd_stats[i].rate +=
          av1_get_switchable_rate(x, xd, cm->features.interp_filter,
                                  cm->seq_params->enable_dual_filter);
      cost = RDCOST(x->rdmult, pf_rd_stats[i].rate, pf_rd_stats[i].dist);
    } else if (motion_mode == WARPED_CAUSAL) {
      int pts[SAMPLES_ARRAY_SIZE], pts_inref[SAMPLES_ARRAY_SIZE];
      const ModeCosts *mode_costs = &x->mode_costs;
      mi->wm_params.wmtype = DEFAULT_WMTYPE;
      mi->interp_filters =
          av1_broadcast_interp_filter(av1_unswitchable_filter(interp_filter));

      memcpy(pts, pts0, total_samples * 2 * sizeof(*pts0));
      memcpy(pts_inref, pts_inref0, total_samples * 2 * sizeof(*pts_inref0));
      // Select the samples according to motion vector difference
      if (mi->num_proj_ref > 1) {
        mi->num_proj_ref = av1_selectSamples(&mi->mv[0].as_mv, pts, pts_inref,
                                             mi->num_proj_ref, bsize);
      }

      // Compute the warped motion parameters with a least squares fit
      //  using the collected samples
      if (!av1_find_projection(mi->num_proj_ref, pts, pts_inref, bsize,
                               mi->mv[0].as_mv.row, mi->mv[0].as_mv.col,
                               &mi->wm_params, mi_row, mi_col)) {
        if (mi->mode == NEWMV) {
          const int_mv mv0 = mi->mv[0];
          const WarpedMotionParams wm_params0 = mi->wm_params;
          const int num_proj_ref0 = mi->num_proj_ref;

          const int_mv ref_mv = av1_get_ref_mv(x, 0);
          SUBPEL_MOTION_SEARCH_PARAMS ms_params;
          av1_make_default_subpel_ms_params(&ms_params, cpi, x, bsize,
                                            &ref_mv.as_mv, NULL);

          // Refine MV in a small range.
          av1_refine_warped_mv(xd, cm, &ms_params, bsize, pts0, pts_inref0,
                               total_samples);
          if (mi->mv[0].as_int == ref_mv.as_int) {
            continue;
          }

          if (mv0.as_int != mi->mv[0].as_int) {
            // Keep the refined MV and WM parameters.
            int tmp_rate_mv = av1_mv_bit_cost(
                &mi->mv[0].as_mv, &ref_mv.as_mv, x->mv_costs->nmv_joint_cost,
                x->mv_costs->mv_cost_stack, MV_COST_WEIGHT);
            *rate_mv = tmp_rate_mv;
          } else {
            // Restore the old MV and WM parameters.
            mi->mv[0] = mv0;
            mi->wm_params = wm_params0;
            mi->num_proj_ref = num_proj_ref0;
          }
        }
        // Build the warped predictor
        av1_enc_build_inter_predictor(cm, xd, mi_row, mi_col, NULL, bsize, 0,
                                      av1_num_planes(cm) - 1);
        if (use_model_yrd_large)
          model_skip_for_sb_y_large(cpi, bsize, mi_row, mi_col, x, xd,
                                    &pf_rd_stats[i], this_early_term, 1);
        else
          model_rd_for_sb_y(cpi, bsize, x, xd, &pf_rd_stats[i], 1);

        pf_rd_stats[i].rate +=
            mode_costs->motion_mode_cost[bsize][mi->motion_mode];
        cost = RDCOST(x->rdmult, pf_rd_stats[i].rate, pf_rd_stats[i].dist);
      } else {
        cost = INT64_MAX;
      }
    }
    if (cost < best_cost) {
      best_mode_index = i;
      best_cost = cost;
      best_skip = pf_rd_stats[i].skip_txfm;
      best_early_term = *this_early_term;
      best_mbmi = *mi;
    }
  }
  assert(best_mode_index >= 0 && best_mode_index < FILTER_SEARCH_SIZE);

  *mi = best_mbmi;
  this_rdc->rate = pf_rd_stats[best_mode_index].rate;
  this_rdc->dist = pf_rd_stats[best_mode_index].dist;
  this_rdc->sse = pf_rd_stats[best_mode_index].sse;
  this_rdc->skip_txfm = (best_skip || best_early_term);
  *this_early_term = best_early_term;
  if (best_mode_index < FILTER_SEARCH_SIZE - 1) {
    av1_enc_build_inter_predictor(cm, xd, mi_row, mi_col, NULL, bsize, 0, 0);
  }
}
#endif  // !CONFIG_REALTIME_ONLY

#define COLLECT_PICK_MODE_STAT 0

#if COLLECT_PICK_MODE_STAT
typedef struct _mode_search_stat {
  int32_t num_blocks[BLOCK_SIZES];
  int64_t avg_block_times[BLOCK_SIZES];
  int32_t num_searches[BLOCK_SIZES][MB_MODE_COUNT];
  int32_t num_nonskipped_searches[BLOCK_SIZES][MB_MODE_COUNT];
  int64_t search_times[BLOCK_SIZES][MB_MODE_COUNT];
  int64_t nonskipped_search_times[BLOCK_SIZES][MB_MODE_COUNT];
  struct aom_usec_timer timer1;
  struct aom_usec_timer timer2;
} mode_search_stat;
#endif  // COLLECT_PICK_MODE_STAT

static void compute_intra_yprediction(const AV1_COMMON *cm,
                                      PREDICTION_MODE mode, BLOCK_SIZE bsize,
                                      MACROBLOCK *x, MACROBLOCKD *xd) {
  const SequenceHeader *seq_params = cm->seq_params;
  struct macroblockd_plane *const pd = &xd->plane[0];
  struct macroblock_plane *const p = &x->plane[0];
  uint8_t *const src_buf_base = p->src.buf;
  uint8_t *const dst_buf_base = pd->dst.buf;
  const int src_stride = p->src.stride;
  const int dst_stride = pd->dst.stride;
  int plane = 0;
  int row, col;
  // block and transform sizes, in number of 4x4 blocks log 2 ("*_b")
  // 4x4=0, 8x8=2, 16x16=4, 32x32=6, 64x64=8
  // transform size varies per plane, look it up in a common way.
  const TX_SIZE tx_size = max_txsize_lookup[bsize];
  const BLOCK_SIZE plane_bsize =
      get_plane_block_size(bsize, pd->subsampling_x, pd->subsampling_y);
  // If mb_to_right_edge is < 0 we are in a situation in which
  // the current block size extends into the UMV and we won't
  // visit the sub blocks that are wholly within the UMV.
  const int max_blocks_wide = max_block_wide(xd, plane_bsize, plane);
  const int max_blocks_high = max_block_high(xd, plane_bsize, plane);
  // Keep track of the row and column of the blocks we use so that we know
  // if we are in the unrestricted motion border.
  for (row = 0; row < max_blocks_high; row += (1 << tx_size)) {
    // Skip visiting the sub blocks that are wholly within the UMV.
    for (col = 0; col < max_blocks_wide; col += (1 << tx_size)) {
      p->src.buf = &src_buf_base[4 * (row * (int64_t)src_stride + col)];
      pd->dst.buf = &dst_buf_base[4 * (row * (int64_t)dst_stride + col)];
      av1_predict_intra_block(
          xd, seq_params->sb_size, seq_params->enable_intra_edge_filter,
          block_size_wide[bsize], block_size_high[bsize], tx_size, mode, 0, 0,
          FILTER_INTRA_MODES, pd->dst.buf, dst_stride, pd->dst.buf, dst_stride,
          0, 0, plane);
    }
  }
  p->src.buf = src_buf_base;
  pd->dst.buf = dst_buf_base;
}

void av1_nonrd_pick_intra_mode(AV1_COMP *cpi, MACROBLOCK *x, RD_STATS *rd_cost,
                               BLOCK_SIZE bsize, PICK_MODE_CONTEXT *ctx) {
  AV1_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
  MB_MODE_INFO *const mi = xd->mi[0];
  RD_STATS this_rdc, best_rdc;
  struct estimate_block_intra_args args = { cpi, x, DC_PRED, 1, 0 };
  const TxfmSearchParams *txfm_params = &x->txfm_search_params;
  const TX_SIZE intra_tx_size =
      AOMMIN(max_txsize_lookup[bsize],
             tx_mode_to_biggest_tx_size[txfm_params->tx_mode_search_type]);
  int *bmode_costs;
  PREDICTION_MODE best_mode = DC_PRED;
  const MB_MODE_INFO *above_mi = xd->above_mbmi;
  const MB_MODE_INFO *left_mi = xd->left_mbmi;
  const PREDICTION_MODE A = av1_above_block_mode(above_mi);
  const PREDICTION_MODE L = av1_left_block_mode(left_mi);
  const int above_ctx = intra_mode_context[A];
  const int left_ctx = intra_mode_context[L];
  bmode_costs = x->mode_costs.y_mode_costs[above_ctx][left_ctx];

  av1_invalid_rd_stats(&best_rdc);
  av1_invalid_rd_stats(&this_rdc);

  init_mbmi(mi, DC_PRED, INTRA_FRAME, NONE_FRAME, cm);
  mi->mv[0].as_int = mi->mv[1].as_int = INVALID_MV;

  // Change the limit of this loop to add other intra prediction
  // mode tests.
  for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
    PREDICTION_MODE this_mode = intra_mode_list[i];
    this_rdc.dist = this_rdc.rate = 0;
    args.mode = this_mode;
    args.skippable = 1;
    args.rdc = &this_rdc;
    mi->tx_size = intra_tx_size;
    mi->mode = this_mode;
    av1_foreach_transformed_block_in_plane(xd, bsize, 0, estimate_block_intra,
                                           &args);
    const int skip_ctx = av1_get_skip_txfm_context(xd);
    if (args.skippable) {
      this_rdc.rate = x->mode_costs.skip_txfm_cost[skip_ctx][1];
    } else {
      this_rdc.rate += x->mode_costs.skip_txfm_cost[skip_ctx][0];
    }
    this_rdc.rate += bmode_costs[this_mode];
    this_rdc.rdcost = RDCOST(x->rdmult, this_rdc.rate, this_rdc.dist);

    if (this_rdc.rdcost < best_rdc.rdcost) {
      best_rdc = this_rdc;
      best_mode = this_mode;
      if (!this_rdc.skip_txfm) {
        memset(ctx->blk_skip, 0,
               sizeof(x->txfm_search_info.blk_skip[0]) * ctx->num_4x4_blk);
      }
    }
  }

  mi->mode = best_mode;
  // Keep DC for UV since mode test is based on Y channel only.
  mi->uv_mode = UV_DC_PRED;
  *rd_cost = best_rdc;

#if CONFIG_INTERNAL_STATS
  store_coding_context(x, ctx, mi->mode);
#else
  store_coding_context(x, ctx);
#endif  // CONFIG_INTERNAL_STATS
}

static AOM_INLINE int is_same_gf_and_last_scale(AV1_COMMON *cm) {
  struct scale_factors *const sf_last = get_ref_scale_factors(cm, LAST_FRAME);
  struct scale_factors *const sf_golden =
      get_ref_scale_factors(cm, GOLDEN_FRAME);
  return ((sf_last->x_scale_fp == sf_golden->x_scale_fp) &&
          (sf_last->y_scale_fp == sf_golden->y_scale_fp));
}

static AOM_INLINE void get_ref_frame_use_mask(AV1_COMP *cpi, MACROBLOCK *x,
                                              MB_MODE_INFO *mi, int mi_row,
                                              int mi_col, int bsize,
                                              int gf_temporal_ref,
                                              int use_ref_frame[],
                                              int *force_skip_low_temp_var) {
  AV1_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
  const struct segmentation *const seg = &cm->seg;
  const int is_small_sb = (cm->seq_params->sb_size == BLOCK_64X64);

  // For SVC the usage of alt_ref is determined by the ref_frame_flags.
  int use_alt_ref_frame =
      cpi->ppi->use_svc || cpi->sf.rt_sf.use_nonrd_altref_frame;
  int use_golden_ref_frame = 1;
  int use_last_ref_frame = 1;

  if (cpi->ppi->use_svc)
    use_last_ref_frame =
        cpi->ref_frame_flags & AOM_LAST_FLAG ? use_last_ref_frame : 0;

  // Only remove golden and altref reference below if last is a reference,
  // which may not be the case for svc.
  if (use_last_ref_frame && cpi->rc.frames_since_golden == 0 &&
      gf_temporal_ref) {
    use_golden_ref_frame = 0;
  }
  if (use_last_ref_frame && cpi->sf.rt_sf.short_circuit_low_temp_var &&
      x->nonrd_prune_ref_frame_search) {
    if (is_small_sb)
      *force_skip_low_temp_var = av1_get_force_skip_low_temp_var_small_sb(
          &x->part_search_info.variance_low[0], mi_row, mi_col, bsize);
    else
      *force_skip_low_temp_var = av1_get_force_skip_low_temp_var(
          &x->part_search_info.variance_low[0], mi_row, mi_col, bsize);
    // If force_skip_low_temp_var is set, skip golden reference.
    if (*force_skip_low_temp_var) {
      use_golden_ref_frame = 0;
      use_alt_ref_frame = 0;
    }
  }

  if (use_last_ref_frame &&
      (x->nonrd_prune_ref_frame_search > 2 ||
       (x->nonrd_prune_ref_frame_search > 1 && bsize > BLOCK_64X64))) {
    use_golden_ref_frame = 0;
    use_alt_ref_frame = 0;
  }

  if (segfeature_active(seg, mi->segment_id, SEG_LVL_REF_FRAME) &&
      get_segdata(seg, mi->segment_id, SEG_LVL_REF_FRAME) == GOLDEN_FRAME) {
    use_golden_ref_frame = 1;
    use_alt_ref_frame = 0;
  }

  use_alt_ref_frame =
      cpi->ref_frame_flags & AOM_ALT_FLAG ? use_alt_ref_frame : 0;
  use_golden_ref_frame =
      cpi->ref_frame_flags & AOM_GOLD_FLAG ? use_golden_ref_frame : 0;

  use_ref_frame[ALTREF_FRAME] = use_alt_ref_frame;
  use_ref_frame[GOLDEN_FRAME] = use_golden_ref_frame;
  use_ref_frame[LAST_FRAME] = use_last_ref_frame;
  // For now keep this assert on, but we should remove it for svc mode,
  // as the user may want to generate an intra-only frame (no inter-modes).
  // Remove this assert in subsequent CL when nonrd_pickmode is tested for the
  // case of intra-only frame (no references enabled).
  assert(use_last_ref_frame || use_golden_ref_frame || use_alt_ref_frame);
}

/*!\brief Estimates best intra mode for inter mode search
 *
 * \ingroup nonrd_mode_search
 * \callgraph
 * \callergraph
 *
 * Using heuristics based on best inter mode, block size, and other decides
 * whether to check intra modes. If so, estimates and selects best intra mode
 * from the reduced set of intra modes (max 4 intra modes checked)
 *
 * \param[in]    cpi                      Top-level encoder structure
 * \param[in]    x                        Pointer to structure holding all the
 *                                        data for the current macroblock
 * \param[in]    bsize                    Current block size
 * \param[in]    use_modeled_non_rd_cost  Flag, indicating usage of curvfit
 *                                        model for RD cost
 * \param[in]    best_early_term          Flag, indicating that TX for the
 *                                        best inter mode was skipped
 * \param[in]    ref_cost_intra           Cost of signalling intra mode
 * \param[in]    reuse_prediction         Flag, indicating prediction re-use
 * \param[in]    orig_dst                 Original destination buffer
 * \param[in]    tmp_buffers              Pointer to a temporary buffers for
 *                                        prediction re-use
 * \param[out]   this_mode_pred           Pointer to store prediction buffer
 *                                        for prediction re-use
 * \param[in]    best_rdc                 Pointer to RD cost for the best
 *                                        selected intra mode
 * \param[in]    best_pickmode            Pointer to a structure containing
 *                                        best mode picked so far
 *
 * \return Nothing is returned. Instead, calculated RD cost is placed to
 * \c best_rdc and best selected mode is placed to \c best_pickmode
 */
static void estimate_intra_mode(
    AV1_COMP *cpi, MACROBLOCK *x, BLOCK_SIZE bsize, int use_modeled_non_rd_cost,
    int best_early_term, unsigned int ref_cost_intra, int reuse_prediction,
    struct buf_2d *orig_dst, PRED_BUFFER *tmp_buffers,
    PRED_BUFFER **this_mode_pred, RD_STATS *best_rdc,
    BEST_PICKMODE *best_pickmode) {
  AV1_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
  MB_MODE_INFO *const mi = xd->mi[0];
  const TxfmSearchParams *txfm_params = &x->txfm_search_params;
  const unsigned char segment_id = mi->segment_id;
  const int *const rd_threshes = cpi->rd.threshes[segment_id][bsize];
  const int *const rd_thresh_freq_fact = x->thresh_freq_fact[bsize];
  const int mi_row = xd->mi_row;
  const int mi_col = xd->mi_col;
  const int num_8x8_blocks = mi_size_wide[bsize] * mi_size_high[bsize] / 4;
  struct macroblockd_plane *const pd = &xd->plane[0];

  const CommonQuantParams *quant_params = &cm->quant_params;

  RD_STATS this_rdc;

  int intra_cost_penalty = av1_get_intra_cost_penalty(
      quant_params->base_qindex, quant_params->y_dc_delta_q,
      cm->seq_params->bit_depth);
  int64_t inter_mode_thresh = RDCOST(x->rdmult, intra_cost_penalty, 0);
  int perform_intra_pred = cpi->sf.rt_sf.check_intra_pred_nonrd;
  // For spatial enhancemanent layer: turn off intra prediction if the
  // previous spatial layer as golden ref is not chosen as best reference.
  // only do this for temporal enhancement layer and on non-key frames.
  if (cpi->svc.spatial_layer_id > 0 &&
      best_pickmode->best_ref_frame != GOLDEN_FRAME &&
      cpi->svc.temporal_layer_id > 0 &&
      !cpi->svc.layer_context[cpi->svc.temporal_layer_id].is_key_frame)
    perform_intra_pred = 0;

  int do_early_exit_rdthresh = 1;

  uint32_t spatial_var_thresh = 50;
  int motion_thresh = 32;
  // Adjust thresholds to make intra mode likely tested if the other
  // references (golden, alt) are skipped/not checked. For now always
  // adjust for svc mode.
  if (cpi->ppi->use_svc || (cpi->sf.rt_sf.use_nonrd_altref_frame == 0 &&
                            cpi->sf.rt_sf.nonrd_prune_ref_frame_search > 0)) {
    spatial_var_thresh = 150;
    motion_thresh = 0;
  }

  // Some adjustments to checking intra mode based on source variance.
  if (x->source_variance < spatial_var_thresh) {
    // If the best inter mode is large motion or non-LAST ref reduce intra cost
    // penalty, so intra mode is more likely tested.
    if (best_rdc->rdcost != INT64_MAX &&
        (best_pickmode->best_ref_frame != LAST_FRAME ||
         abs(mi->mv[0].as_mv.row) >= motion_thresh ||
         abs(mi->mv[0].as_mv.col) >= motion_thresh)) {
      intra_cost_penalty = intra_cost_penalty >> 2;
      inter_mode_thresh = RDCOST(x->rdmult, intra_cost_penalty, 0);
      do_early_exit_rdthresh = 0;
    }
    // For big blocks worth checking intra (since only DC will be checked),
    // even if best_early_term is set.
    if (bsize >= BLOCK_32X32) best_early_term = 0;
  } else if (cpi->sf.rt_sf.source_metrics_sb_nonrd &&
             x->content_state_sb.source_sad == kLowSad) {
    perform_intra_pred = 0;
  }

  if (best_rdc->skip_txfm && best_pickmode->best_mode_initial_skip_flag) {
    if (cpi->sf.rt_sf.skip_intra_pred == 1 && best_pickmode->best_mode != NEWMV)
      perform_intra_pred = 0;
    else if (cpi->sf.rt_sf.skip_intra_pred == 2)
      perform_intra_pred = 0;
  }

  if (!(best_rdc->rdcost == INT64_MAX ||
        (perform_intra_pred && !best_early_term &&
         best_rdc->rdcost > inter_mode_thresh &&
         bsize <= cpi->sf.part_sf.max_intra_bsize))) {
    return;
  }

  struct estimate_block_intra_args args = { cpi, x, DC_PRED, 1, 0 };
  TX_SIZE intra_tx_size = AOMMIN(
      AOMMIN(max_txsize_lookup[bsize],
             tx_mode_to_biggest_tx_size[txfm_params->tx_mode_search_type]),
      TX_16X16);

  PRED_BUFFER *const best_pred = best_pickmode->best_pred;
  if (reuse_prediction && best_pred != NULL) {
    const int bh = block_size_high[bsize];
    const int bw = block_size_wide[bsize];
    if (best_pred->data == orig_dst->buf) {
      *this_mode_pred = &tmp_buffers[get_pred_buffer(tmp_buffers, 3)];
      aom_convolve_copy(best_pred->data, best_pred->stride,
                        (*this_mode_pred)->data, (*this_mode_pred)->stride, bw,
                        bh);
      best_pickmode->best_pred = *this_mode_pred;
    }
  }
  pd->dst = *orig_dst;

  for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
    const PREDICTION_MODE this_mode = intra_mode_list[i];
    const THR_MODES mode_index = mode_idx[INTRA_FRAME][mode_offset(this_mode)];
    const int64_t mode_rd_thresh = rd_threshes[mode_index];

    if (!((1 << this_mode) & cpi->sf.rt_sf.intra_y_mode_bsize_mask_nrd[bsize]))
      continue;

    if (rd_less_than_thresh(best_rdc->rdcost, mode_rd_thresh,
                            rd_thresh_freq_fact[mode_index]) &&
        (do_early_exit_rdthresh || this_mode == SMOOTH_PRED)) {
      continue;
    }
    const BLOCK_SIZE uv_bsize = get_plane_block_size(
        bsize, xd->plane[1].subsampling_x, xd->plane[1].subsampling_y);

    mi->mode = this_mode;
    mi->ref_frame[0] = INTRA_FRAME;
    mi->ref_frame[1] = NONE_FRAME;

    av1_invalid_rd_stats(&this_rdc);
    args.mode = this_mode;
    args.skippable = 1;
    args.rdc = &this_rdc;
    mi->tx_size = intra_tx_size;
    compute_intra_yprediction(cm, this_mode, bsize, x, xd);
    // Look into selecting tx_size here, based on prediction residual.
    if (use_modeled_non_rd_cost)
      model_rd_for_sb_y(cpi, bsize, x, xd, &this_rdc, 1);
    else
      block_yrd(cpi, x, mi_row, mi_col, &this_rdc, &args.skippable, bsize,
                mi->tx_size);
    // TODO(kyslov@) Need to account for skippable
    if (x->color_sensitivity[0]) {
      av1_foreach_transformed_block_in_plane(xd, uv_bsize, 1,
                                             estimate_block_intra, &args);
    }
    if (x->color_sensitivity[1]) {
      av1_foreach_transformed_block_in_plane(xd, uv_bsize, 2,
                                             estimate_block_intra, &args);
    }

    int mode_cost = 0;
    if (av1_is_directional_mode(this_mode) && av1_use_angle_delta(bsize)) {
      mode_cost +=
          x->mode_costs.angle_delta_cost[this_mode - V_PRED]
                                        [MAX_ANGLE_DELTA +
                                         mi->angle_delta[PLANE_TYPE_Y]];
    }
    if (this_mode == DC_PRED && av1_filter_intra_allowed_bsize(cm, bsize)) {
      mode_cost += x->mode_costs.filter_intra_cost[bsize][0];
    }
    this_rdc.rate += ref_cost_intra;
    this_rdc.rate += intra_cost_penalty;
    this_rdc.rate += mode_cost;
    this_rdc.rdcost = RDCOST(x->rdmult, this_rdc.rate, this_rdc.dist);

    if (this_rdc.rdcost < best_rdc->rdcost) {
      *best_rdc = this_rdc;
      best_pickmode->best_mode = this_mode;
      best_pickmode->best_tx_size = mi->tx_size;
      best_pickmode->best_ref_frame = INTRA_FRAME;
      best_pickmode->best_second_ref_frame = NONE;
      if (!this_rdc.skip_txfm) {
        memcpy(best_pickmode->blk_skip, x->txfm_search_info.blk_skip,
               sizeof(x->txfm_search_info.blk_skip[0]) * num_8x8_blocks);
      }
      mi->uv_mode = this_mode;
      mi->mv[0].as_int = INVALID_MV;
      mi->mv[1].as_int = INVALID_MV;
    }
  }
  mi->tx_size = best_pickmode->best_tx_size;
}

static AOM_INLINE int is_filter_search_enabled(const AV1_COMP *cpi, int mi_row,
                                               int mi_col, BLOCK_SIZE bsize,
                                               int segment_id) {
  const AV1_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
  int enable_filter_search = 0;

  if (cpi->sf.rt_sf.use_nonrd_filter_search) {
    enable_filter_search = 1;
    if (cpi->sf.interp_sf.cb_pred_filter_search) {
      const int bsl = mi_size_wide_log2[bsize];
      enable_filter_search =
          (((mi_row + mi_col) >> bsl) +
           get_chessboard_index(cm->current_frame.frame_number)) &
          0x1;
      if (cyclic_refresh_segment_id_boosted(segment_id))
        enable_filter_search = 1;
    }
  }
  return enable_filter_search;
}

static AOM_INLINE int skip_mode_by_threshold(
    PREDICTION_MODE mode, MV_REFERENCE_FRAME ref_frame, int_mv mv,
    int frames_since_golden, const int *const rd_threshes,
    const int *const rd_thresh_freq_fact, int64_t best_cost, int best_skip,
    int extra_shift) {
  int skip_this_mode = 0;
  const THR_MODES mode_index = mode_idx[ref_frame][INTER_OFFSET(mode)];
  int64_t mode_rd_thresh =
      best_skip ? ((int64_t)rd_threshes[mode_index]) << (extra_shift + 1)
                : ((int64_t)rd_threshes[mode_index]) << extra_shift;

  // Increase mode_rd_thresh value for non-LAST for improved encoding
  // speed
  if (ref_frame != LAST_FRAME) {
    mode_rd_thresh = mode_rd_thresh << 1;
    if (ref_frame == GOLDEN_FRAME && frames_since_golden > 4)
      mode_rd_thresh = mode_rd_thresh << (extra_shift + 1);
  }

  if (rd_less_than_thresh(best_cost, mode_rd_thresh,
                          rd_thresh_freq_fact[mode_index]))
    if (mv.as_int != 0) skip_this_mode = 1;

  return skip_this_mode;
}

static AOM_INLINE int skip_mode_by_low_temp(
    PREDICTION_MODE mode, MV_REFERENCE_FRAME ref_frame, BLOCK_SIZE bsize,
    CONTENT_STATE_SB content_state_sb, int_mv mv, int force_skip_low_temp_var) {
  // Skip non-zeromv mode search for non-LAST frame if force_skip_low_temp_var
  // is set. If nearestmv for golden frame is 0, zeromv mode will be skipped
  // later.
  if (force_skip_low_temp_var && ref_frame != LAST_FRAME && mv.as_int != 0) {
    return 1;
  }

  if (content_state_sb.source_sad != kHighSad && bsize >= BLOCK_64X64 &&
      force_skip_low_temp_var && mode == NEWMV) {
    return 1;
  }
  return 0;
}

static AOM_INLINE int skip_mode_by_bsize_and_ref_frame(
    PREDICTION_MODE mode, MV_REFERENCE_FRAME ref_frame, BLOCK_SIZE bsize,
    int extra_prune, unsigned int sse_zeromv_norm, int more_prune) {
  const unsigned int thresh_skip_golden = 500;

  if (ref_frame != LAST_FRAME && sse_zeromv_norm < thresh_skip_golden &&
      mode == NEWMV)
    return 1;

  if (bsize == BLOCK_128X128 && mode == NEWMV) return 1;

  // Skip testing non-LAST if this flag is set.
  if (extra_prune) {
    if (extra_prune > 1 && ref_frame != LAST_FRAME &&
        (bsize > BLOCK_16X16 && mode == NEWMV))
      return 1;

    if (ref_frame != LAST_FRAME && mode == NEARMV) return 1;

    if (more_prune && bsize >= BLOCK_32X32 && mode == NEARMV) return 1;
  }
  return 0;
}

void set_color_sensitivity(AV1_COMP *cpi, MACROBLOCK *x, MACROBLOCKD *xd,
                           BLOCK_SIZE bsize, int y_sad,
                           unsigned int source_variance) {
  const int factor = (bsize >= BLOCK_32X32) ? 2 : 3;
  NOISE_LEVEL noise_level = kLow;
  int norm_sad =
      y_sad >> (b_width_log2_lookup[bsize] + b_height_log2_lookup[bsize]);
  // If the spatial source variance is high and the normalized y_sad
  // is low, then y-channel is likely good for mode estimation, so keep
  // color_sensitivity off. For low noise content for now, since there is
  // some bdrate regression for noisy color clip.
  if (cpi->noise_estimate.enabled)
    noise_level = av1_noise_estimate_extract_level(&cpi->noise_estimate);
  if (noise_level == kLow && source_variance > 1000 && norm_sad < 50) {
    x->color_sensitivity[0] = 0;
    x->color_sensitivity[1] = 0;
    return;
  }
  for (int i = 1; i <= 2; ++i) {
    if (x->color_sensitivity[i - 1] == 2) {
      struct macroblock_plane *const p = &x->plane[i];
      struct macroblockd_plane *const pd = &xd->plane[i];
      const BLOCK_SIZE bs =
          get_plane_block_size(bsize, pd->subsampling_x, pd->subsampling_y);
      const int uv_sad = cpi->ppi->fn_ptr[bs].sdf(p->src.buf, p->src.stride,
                                                  pd->dst.buf, pd->dst.stride);
      const int norm_uv_sad =
          uv_sad >> (b_width_log2_lookup[bs] + b_height_log2_lookup[bs]);
      x->color_sensitivity[i - 1] =
          uv_sad > (factor * (y_sad >> 3)) && norm_uv_sad > 40;
    }
  }
}

void setup_compound_prediction(AV1_COMP *cpi, MACROBLOCK *x,
                               struct buf_2d yv12_mb[8][MAX_MB_PLANE],
                               int *use_ref_frame_mask, int flag_comp,
                               int *ref_mv_idx) {
  AV1_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
  MB_MODE_INFO *const mbmi = xd->mi[0];
  MB_MODE_INFO_EXT *const mbmi_ext = &x->mbmi_ext;
  MV_REFERENCE_FRAME rf[2] = { LAST_FRAME, GOLDEN_FRAME };
  MV_REFERENCE_FRAME ref_frame_comp;
  if (flag_comp == 1) {
    rf[1] = LAST2_FRAME;
  } else if (flag_comp == 2) {
    rf[1] = ALTREF_FRAME;
  }
  if (!use_ref_frame_mask[rf[1]]) {
    // Need to setup pred_block, if it hasn't been done in find_predictors.
    const YV12_BUFFER_CONFIG *yv12 = get_ref_frame_yv12_buf(cm, rf[1]);
    const int num_planes = av1_num_planes(cm);
    if (yv12 != NULL) {
      const struct scale_factors *const sf =
          get_ref_scale_factors_const(cm, rf[1]);
      av1_setup_pred_block(xd, yv12_mb[rf[1]], yv12, sf, sf, num_planes);
    }
  }
  ref_frame_comp = av1_ref_frame_type(rf);
  mbmi_ext->mode_context[ref_frame_comp] = 0;
  mbmi_ext->ref_mv_count[ref_frame_comp] = UINT8_MAX;
  av1_find_mv_refs(cm, xd, mbmi, ref_frame_comp, mbmi_ext->ref_mv_count,
                   xd->ref_mv_stack, xd->weight, NULL, mbmi_ext->global_mvs,
                   mbmi_ext->mode_context);
  av1_copy_usable_ref_mv_stack_and_weight(xd, mbmi_ext, ref_frame_comp);
  *ref_mv_idx = mbmi->ref_mv_idx + 1;
}

static void set_compound_mode(MACROBLOCK *x, int comp_index, int ref_frame,
                              int ref_frame2, int ref_mv_idx,
                              int_mv frame_mv[MB_MODE_COUNT][REF_FRAMES],
                              PREDICTION_MODE *this_mode) {
  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
  MB_MODE_INFO *const mi = xd->mi[0];
  *this_mode = GLOBAL_GLOBALMV;
  mi->ref_frame[0] = ref_frame;
  mi->ref_frame[1] = ref_frame2;
  mi->compound_idx = 1;
  mi->comp_group_idx = 0;
  mi->interinter_comp.type = COMPOUND_AVERAGE;
  MV_REFERENCE_FRAME ref_frame_comp = av1_ref_frame_type(mi->ref_frame);
  if (comp_index % 3 == 0) {
    frame_mv[*this_mode][ref_frame].as_int = 0;
    frame_mv[*this_mode][ref_frame2].as_int = 0;
  } else if (comp_index % 3 == 1) {
    *this_mode = NEAREST_NEARESTMV;
    frame_mv[*this_mode][ref_frame].as_int =
        xd->ref_mv_stack[ref_frame_comp][0].this_mv.as_int;
    frame_mv[*this_mode][ref_frame2].as_int =
        xd->ref_mv_stack[ref_frame_comp][0].comp_mv.as_int;
  } else if (comp_index % 3 == 2) {
    *this_mode = NEAR_NEARMV;
    frame_mv[*this_mode][ref_frame].as_int =
        xd->ref_mv_stack[ref_frame_comp][ref_mv_idx].this_mv.as_int;
    frame_mv[*this_mode][ref_frame2].as_int =
        xd->ref_mv_stack[ref_frame_comp][ref_mv_idx].comp_mv.as_int;
  }
}

void av1_nonrd_pick_inter_mode_sb(AV1_COMP *cpi, TileDataEnc *tile_data,
                                  MACROBLOCK *x, RD_STATS *rd_cost,
                                  BLOCK_SIZE bsize, PICK_MODE_CONTEXT *ctx) {
  AV1_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
  SVC *const svc = &cpi->svc;
  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
  MB_MODE_INFO *const mi = xd->mi[0];
  struct macroblockd_plane *const pd = &xd->plane[0];
  const InterpFilter filter_ref = cm->features.interp_filter;
  const InterpFilter default_interp_filter = EIGHTTAP_REGULAR;
  BEST_PICKMODE best_pickmode;
#if COLLECT_PICK_MODE_STAT
  static mode_search_stat ms_stat;
#endif
  MV_REFERENCE_FRAME ref_frame, ref_frame2;
  int_mv frame_mv[MB_MODE_COUNT][REF_FRAMES];
  int_mv frame_mv_best[MB_MODE_COUNT][REF_FRAMES];
  uint8_t mode_checked[MB_MODE_COUNT][REF_FRAMES];
  struct buf_2d yv12_mb[REF_FRAMES][MAX_MB_PLANE];
  RD_STATS this_rdc, best_rdc;
  const unsigned char segment_id = mi->segment_id;
  const int *const rd_threshes = cpi->rd.threshes[segment_id][bsize];
  const int *const rd_thresh_freq_fact = x->thresh_freq_fact[bsize];
  int best_early_term = 0;
  unsigned int ref_costs_single[REF_FRAMES];
  int force_skip_low_temp_var = 0;
  int use_ref_frame_mask[REF_FRAMES] = { 0 };
  unsigned int sse_zeromv_norm = UINT_MAX;
  // Use mode set that includes zeromv (via globalmv) for speed >= 9 for
  // content with low motion.
  int use_zeromv =
      cpi->oxcf.tune_cfg.content == AOM_CONTENT_SCREEN ||
      ((cpi->oxcf.speed >= 9 && cpi->rc.avg_frame_low_motion > 70) ||
       cpi->sf.rt_sf.nonrd_agressive_skip);
  int skip_pred_mv = 0;
  const int num_inter_modes =
      use_zeromv ? NUM_INTER_MODES_REDUCED : NUM_INTER_MODES_RT;
  const REF_MODE *const ref_mode_set =
      use_zeromv ? ref_mode_set_reduced : ref_mode_set_rt;
  PRED_BUFFER tmp[4];
  DECLARE_ALIGNED(16, uint8_t, pred_buf[3 * 128 * 128]);
  PRED_BUFFER *this_mode_pred = NULL;
  const int reuse_inter_pred = cpi->sf.rt_sf.reuse_inter_pred_nonrd &&
                               cm->seq_params->bit_depth == AOM_BITS_8;

  const int bh = block_size_high[bsize];
  const int bw = block_size_wide[bsize];
  const int pixels_in_block = bh * bw;
  const int num_8x8_blocks = ctx->num_4x4_blk / 4;
  struct buf_2d orig_dst = pd->dst;
  const CommonQuantParams *quant_params = &cm->quant_params;
  const TxfmSearchParams *txfm_params = &x->txfm_search_params;
  TxfmSearchInfo *txfm_info = &x->txfm_search_info;
#if COLLECT_PICK_MODE_STAT
  aom_usec_timer_start(&ms_stat.timer2);
#endif
  int64_t thresh_sad_pred = INT64_MAX;
  const int mi_row = xd->mi_row;
  const int mi_col = xd->mi_col;
  int svc_mv_col = 0;
  int svc_mv_row = 0;
  int force_mv_inter_layer = 0;
  int use_modeled_non_rd_cost = 0;
  int comp_pred = 0;
  int num_comp_modes_ref = 0;
  int tot_num_comp_modes = 9;
  int ref_mv_idx = 0;
#if CONFIG_AV1_TEMPORAL_DENOISING
  const int denoise_recheck_zeromv = 1;
  AV1_PICKMODE_CTX_DEN ctx_den;
  int64_t zero_last_cost_orig = INT64_MAX;
  int denoise_svc_pickmode = 1;
  const int resize_pending = is_frame_resize_pending(cpi);
#endif
  x->color_sensitivity[0] = x->color_sensitivity_sb[0];
  x->color_sensitivity[1] = x->color_sensitivity_sb[1];
  init_best_pickmode(&best_pickmode);

  const ModeCosts *mode_costs = &x->mode_costs;

  estimate_single_ref_frame_costs(cm, xd, mode_costs, segment_id,
                                  ref_costs_single);

  memset(&mode_checked[0][0], 0, MB_MODE_COUNT * REF_FRAMES);
  if (reuse_inter_pred) {
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
      tmp[i].data = &pred_buf[pixels_in_block * i];
      tmp[i].stride = bw;
      tmp[i].in_use = 0;
    }
    tmp[3].data = pd->dst.buf;
    tmp[3].stride = pd->dst.stride;
    tmp[3].in_use = 0;
  }

  txfm_info->skip_txfm = 0;

  // initialize mode decisions
  av1_invalid_rd_stats(&best_rdc);
  av1_invalid_rd_stats(&this_rdc);
  av1_invalid_rd_stats(rd_cost);
  for (int i = 0; i < REF_FRAMES; ++i) {
    x->warp_sample_info[i].num = -1;
  }

  mi->bsize = bsize;
  mi->ref_frame[0] = NONE_FRAME;
  mi->ref_frame[1] = NONE_FRAME;

#if CONFIG_AV1_TEMPORAL_DENOISING
  if (cpi->oxcf.noise_sensitivity > 0) {
    // if (cpi->ppi->use_svc) denoise_svc_pickmode =
    // av1_denoise_svc_non_key(cpi);
    if (cpi->denoiser.denoising_level > kDenLowLow && denoise_svc_pickmode)
      av1_denoiser_reset_frame_stats(ctx);
  }
#endif

  const int gf_temporal_ref = is_same_gf_and_last_scale(cm);

  // If the lower spatial layer uses an averaging filter for downsampling
  // (phase = 8), the target decimated pixel is shifted by (1/2, 1/2) relative
  // to source, so use subpel motion vector to compensate. The nonzero motion
  // is half pixel shifted to left and top, so (-4, -4). This has more effect
  // on higher resolutins, so condition it on that for now.
  if (cpi->ppi->use_svc && svc->spatial_layer_id > 0 &&
      svc->downsample_filter_phase[svc->spatial_layer_id - 1] == 8 &&
      cm->width * cm->height > 640 * 480) {
    svc_mv_col = -4;
    svc_mv_row = -4;
  }

  get_ref_frame_use_mask(cpi, x, mi, mi_row, mi_col, bsize, gf_temporal_ref,
                         use_ref_frame_mask, &force_skip_low_temp_var);

  skip_pred_mv = (x->nonrd_prune_ref_frame_search > 2 &&
                  x->color_sensitivity[0] != 2 && x->color_sensitivity[1] != 2);

  // Compound modes per reference pair (GOLDEN_LAST/LAST2_LAST/ALTREF_LAST):
  // (0_0)/(NEAREST_NEAREST)/(NEAR_NEAR).
  // For now to reduce slowdowm, use only (0,0) for blocks above 16x16
  // for non-svc case or on enhancement layers for svc.
  if (cpi->sf.rt_sf.use_comp_ref_nonrd && is_comp_ref_allowed(bsize)) {
    if (cpi->ppi->use_svc && cpi->svc.temporal_layer_id == 0)
      num_comp_modes_ref = 2;
    else if (bsize > BLOCK_16X16)
      num_comp_modes_ref = 1;
    else
      tot_num_comp_modes = 0;
  } else {
    tot_num_comp_modes = 0;
  }

  for (MV_REFERENCE_FRAME ref_frame_iter = LAST_FRAME;
       ref_frame_iter <= ALTREF_FRAME; ++ref_frame_iter) {
    if (use_ref_frame_mask[ref_frame_iter]) {
      find_predictors(cpi, x, ref_frame_iter, frame_mv, tile_data, yv12_mb,
                      bsize, force_skip_low_temp_var, skip_pred_mv);
    }
  }

  thresh_sad_pred = ((int64_t)x->pred_mv_sad[LAST_FRAME]) << 1;
  // Increase threshold for less agressive pruning.
  if (cpi->sf.rt_sf.nonrd_prune_ref_frame_search == 1)
    thresh_sad_pred += (x->pred_mv_sad[LAST_FRAME] >> 2);

  const int large_block = bsize >= BLOCK_32X32;
  const int use_model_yrd_large =
      cpi->oxcf.rc_cfg.mode == AOM_CBR && large_block &&
      !cyclic_refresh_segment_id_boosted(xd->mi[0]->segment_id) &&
      quant_params->base_qindex && cm->seq_params->bit_depth == 8;

  const int enable_filter_search =
      is_filter_search_enabled(cpi, mi_row, mi_col, bsize, segment_id);

  // TODO(marpan): Look into reducing these conditions. For now constrain
  // it to avoid significant bdrate loss.
  if (cpi->sf.rt_sf.use_modeled_non_rd_cost) {
    if (cpi->svc.non_reference_frame)
      use_modeled_non_rd_cost = 1;
    else if (cpi->svc.number_temporal_layers > 1 &&
             cpi->svc.temporal_layer_id == 0)
      use_modeled_non_rd_cost = 0;
    else
      use_modeled_non_rd_cost =
          (quant_params->base_qindex > 120 && x->source_variance > 100 &&
           bsize <= BLOCK_16X16 && !x->content_state_sb.lighting_change &&
           x->content_state_sb.source_sad != kHighSad);
  }

#if COLLECT_PICK_MODE_STAT
  ms_stat.num_blocks[bsize]++;
#endif
  init_mbmi(mi, DC_PRED, NONE_FRAME, NONE_FRAME, cm);
  mi->tx_size = AOMMIN(
      AOMMIN(max_txsize_lookup[bsize],
             tx_mode_to_biggest_tx_size[txfm_params->tx_mode_search_type]),
      TX_16X16);
  for (int idx = 0; idx < num_inter_modes + tot_num_comp_modes; ++idx) {
    const struct segmentation *const seg = &cm->seg;

    int rate_mv = 0;
    int is_skippable;
    int this_early_term = 0;
    int skip_this_mv = 0;
    comp_pred = 0;
    PREDICTION_MODE this_mode;
    MB_MODE_INFO_EXT *const mbmi_ext = &x->mbmi_ext;
    RD_STATS nonskip_rdc;
    av1_invalid_rd_stats(&nonskip_rdc);
    memset(txfm_info->blk_skip, 0,
           sizeof(txfm_info->blk_skip[0]) * num_8x8_blocks);

    if (idx >= num_inter_modes) {
      int comp_index = idx - num_inter_modes;
      if (comp_index % 3 == 0) {
        int i = 0;
        ref_mv_idx = 0;
        // Only needs to be done once per reference pair.
        if (comp_index == 3) i = 1;
        if (comp_index == 6) i = 2;
        if (cpi->sf.rt_sf.ref_frame_comp_nonrd[i])
          setup_compound_prediction(cpi, x, yv12_mb, use_ref_frame_mask, i,
                                    &ref_mv_idx);
      }
      // num_comp_modes_ref == 1 only do (0,0)
      if (num_comp_modes_ref == 1 && comp_index % 3 != 0) continue;
      // num_comp_modes_ref == 2 only do (0,0) and (NEAREST_NEAREST)
      if (num_comp_modes_ref == 2 && comp_index % 3 == 2) continue;
      ref_frame = LAST_FRAME;
      ref_frame2 = GOLDEN_FRAME;
      if (comp_index >= 0 && comp_index < 3) {
        // comp_index = 0,1,2 for (0/NEAREST/NEAR) for GOLDEN_LAST.
        if (cpi->sf.rt_sf.ref_frame_comp_nonrd[0] == 0 ||
            !(cpi->ref_frame_flags & AOM_GOLD_FLAG))
          continue;
      } else if (comp_index >= 3 && comp_index < 6) {
        // comp_index = 3,4,5 for (0/NEAREST/NEAR) for LAST2_LAST.
        ref_frame2 = LAST2_FRAME;
        if (cpi->sf.rt_sf.ref_frame_comp_nonrd[1] == 0 ||
            !(cpi->ref_frame_flags & AOM_LAST2_FLAG))
          continue;
      } else if (comp_index >= 6 && comp_index < 9) {
        // comp_index = 6,7,8 for (0/NEAREST/NEAR) for ALTREF_LAST.
        ref_frame2 = ALTREF_FRAME;
        if (cpi->sf.rt_sf.ref_frame_comp_nonrd[2] == 0 ||
            !(cpi->ref_frame_flags & AOM_ALT_FLAG))
          continue;
      }
      set_compound_mode(x, comp_index, ref_frame, ref_frame2, ref_mv_idx,
                        frame_mv, &this_mode);
      if (this_mode != GLOBAL_GLOBALMV &&
          frame_mv[this_mode][ref_frame].as_int == 0 &&
          frame_mv[this_mode][ref_frame2].as_int == 0)
        continue;
      comp_pred = 1;
    } else {
      this_mode = ref_mode_set[idx].pred_mode;
      ref_frame = ref_mode_set[idx].ref_frame;
      ref_frame2 = NONE_FRAME;
    }

#if COLLECT_PICK_MODE_STAT
    aom_usec_timer_start(&ms_stat.timer1);
    ms_stat.num_searches[bsize][this_mode]++;
#endif
    mi->mode = this_mode;
    mi->ref_frame[0] = ref_frame;
    mi->ref_frame[1] = ref_frame2;

    if (!use_ref_frame_mask[ref_frame]) continue;

    force_mv_inter_layer = 0;
    if (cpi->ppi->use_svc && svc->spatial_layer_id > 0 &&
        ((ref_frame == LAST_FRAME && svc->skip_mvsearch_last) ||
         (ref_frame == GOLDEN_FRAME && svc->skip_mvsearch_gf))) {
      // Only test mode if NEARESTMV/NEARMV is (svc_mv_col, svc_mv_row),
      // otherwise set NEWMV to (svc_mv_col, svc_mv_row).
      // Skip newmv and filter search.
      force_mv_inter_layer = 1;
      if (this_mode == NEWMV) {
        frame_mv[this_mode][ref_frame].as_mv.col = svc_mv_col;
        frame_mv[this_mode][ref_frame].as_mv.row = svc_mv_row;
      } else if (frame_mv[this_mode][ref_frame].as_mv.col != svc_mv_col ||
                 frame_mv[this_mode][ref_frame].as_mv.row != svc_mv_row) {
        continue;
      }
    }

    // If the segment reference frame feature is enabled then do nothing if the
    // current ref frame is not allowed.
    if (segfeature_active(seg, segment_id, SEG_LVL_REF_FRAME) &&
        get_segdata(seg, segment_id, SEG_LVL_REF_FRAME) != (int)ref_frame)
      continue;

    // For screen content. If source_sad is computed: skip non-zero motion
    // check for stationary (super)blocks. Otherwise skip non-zero motion
    // check for spatially flat blocks.
    if (cpi->oxcf.tune_cfg.content == AOM_CONTENT_SCREEN) {
      if (cpi->sf.rt_sf.source_metrics_sb_nonrd) {
        if (frame_mv[this_mode][ref_frame].as_int != 0 &&
            x->content_state_sb.source_sad == kZeroSad)
          continue;
      }
    }

    if (skip_mode_by_bsize_and_ref_frame(
            this_mode, ref_frame, bsize, x->nonrd_prune_ref_frame_search,
            sse_zeromv_norm, cpi->sf.rt_sf.nonrd_agressive_skip))
      continue;

    if (skip_mode_by_low_temp(this_mode, ref_frame, bsize, x->content_state_sb,
                              frame_mv[this_mode][ref_frame],
                              force_skip_low_temp_var))
      continue;

    // Disable this drop out case if the ref frame segment level feature is
    // enabled for this segment. This is to prevent the possibility that we
    // end up unable to pick any mode.
    if (!segfeature_active(seg, segment_id, SEG_LVL_REF_FRAME)) {
      // Check for skipping GOLDEN and ALTREF based pred_mv_sad.
      if (cpi->sf.rt_sf.nonrd_prune_ref_frame_search > 0 &&
          x->pred_mv_sad[ref_frame] != INT_MAX && ref_frame != LAST_FRAME) {
        if ((int64_t)(x->pred_mv_sad[ref_frame]) > thresh_sad_pred) continue;
      }
    }
    // Check for skipping NEARMV based on pred_mv_sad.
    if (this_mode == NEARMV && x->pred_mv1_sad[ref_frame] != INT_MAX &&
        x->pred_mv1_sad[ref_frame] > (x->pred_mv0_sad[ref_frame] << 1))
      continue;

    if (!comp_pred) {
      if (skip_mode_by_threshold(
              this_mode, ref_frame, frame_mv[this_mode][ref_frame],
              cpi->rc.frames_since_golden, rd_threshes, rd_thresh_freq_fact,
              best_rdc.rdcost, best_pickmode.best_mode_skip_txfm,
              (cpi->sf.rt_sf.nonrd_agressive_skip ? 1 : 0)))
        continue;
    }

    // Select prediction reference frames.
    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_MB_PLANE; i++) {
      xd->plane[i].pre[0] = yv12_mb[ref_frame][i];
      if (comp_pred) xd->plane[i].pre[1] = yv12_mb[ref_frame2][i];
    }

    mi->ref_frame[0] = ref_frame;
    mi->ref_frame[1] = ref_frame2;
    set_ref_ptrs(cm, xd, ref_frame, ref_frame2);

    if (this_mode == NEWMV && !force_mv_inter_layer) {
      if (search_new_mv(cpi, x, frame_mv, ref_frame, gf_temporal_ref, bsize,
                        mi_row, mi_col, &rate_mv, &best_rdc))
        continue;
    }

    for (PREDICTION_MODE inter_mv_mode = NEARESTMV; inter_mv_mode <= NEWMV;
         inter_mv_mode++) {
      if (inter_mv_mode == this_mode) continue;
      if (mode_checked[inter_mv_mode][ref_frame] &&
          frame_mv[this_mode][ref_frame].as_int ==
              frame_mv[inter_mv_mode][ref_frame].as_int) {
        skip_this_mv = 1;
        break;
      }
    }

    if (skip_this_mv && !comp_pred) continue;

    mi->mode = this_mode;
    mi->mv[0].as_int = frame_mv[this_mode][ref_frame].as_int;
    mi->mv[1].as_int = 0;
    if (comp_pred) mi->mv[1].as_int = frame_mv[this_mode][ref_frame2].as_int;

    if (reuse_inter_pred) {
      if (!this_mode_pred) {
        this_mode_pred = &tmp[3];
      } else {
        this_mode_pred = &tmp[get_pred_buffer(tmp, 3)];
        pd->dst.buf = this_mode_pred->data;
        pd->dst.stride = bw;
      }
    }
#if COLLECT_PICK_MODE_STAT
    ms_stat.num_nonskipped_searches[bsize][this_mode]++;
#endif

    if (idx == 0 && !skip_pred_mv) {
      // Set color sensitivity on first tested mode only.
      // Use y-sad already computed in find_predictors: take the sad with motion
      // vector closest to 0; the uv-sad computed below in set_color_sensitivity
      // is for zeromv.
      int y_sad = x->pred_mv0_sad[LAST_FRAME];
      if (x->pred_mv1_sad[LAST_FRAME] != INT_MAX &&
          (abs(frame_mv[NEARMV][LAST_FRAME].as_mv.col) +
           abs(frame_mv[NEARMV][LAST_FRAME].as_mv.row)) <
              (abs(frame_mv[NEARESTMV][LAST_FRAME].as_mv.col) +
               abs(frame_mv[NEARESTMV][LAST_FRAME].as_mv.row)))
        y_sad = x->pred_mv1_sad[LAST_FRAME];
      set_color_sensitivity(cpi, x, xd, bsize, y_sad, x->source_variance);
    }
    mi->motion_mode = SIMPLE_TRANSLATION;
#if !CONFIG_REALTIME_ONLY
    if (cpi->oxcf.motion_mode_cfg.allow_warped_motion) {
      calc_num_proj_ref(cpi, x, mi);
    }
#endif

    if (enable_filter_search && !force_mv_inter_layer && !comp_pred &&
        ((mi->mv[0].as_mv.row & 0x07) || (mi->mv[0].as_mv.col & 0x07)) &&
        (ref_frame == LAST_FRAME || !x->nonrd_prune_ref_frame_search)) {
      search_filter_ref(cpi, x, &this_rdc, mi_row, mi_col, tmp, bsize,
                        reuse_inter_pred, &this_mode_pred, &this_early_term,
                        use_model_yrd_large);
#if !CONFIG_REALTIME_ONLY
    } else if (cpi->oxcf.motion_mode_cfg.allow_warped_motion &&
               this_mode == NEWMV) {
      search_motion_mode(cpi, x, &this_rdc, mi_row, mi_col, bsize,
                         &this_early_term, use_model_yrd_large, &rate_mv);
      if (this_mode == NEWMV) {
        frame_mv[this_mode][ref_frame] = mi->mv[0];
      }
#endif
    } else {
      mi->interp_filters =
          (filter_ref == SWITCHABLE)
              ? av1_broadcast_interp_filter(default_interp_filter)
              : av1_broadcast_interp_filter(filter_ref);
      if (force_mv_inter_layer)
        mi->interp_filters = av1_broadcast_interp_filter(EIGHTTAP_REGULAR);

      // If it is sub-pel motion and best filter was not selected in
      // search_filter_ref() for all blocks, then check top and left values and
      // force smooth if both were selected to be smooth.
      if (cpi->sf.interp_sf.cb_pred_filter_search &&
          (mi->mv[0].as_mv.row & 0x07 || mi->mv[0].as_mv.col & 0x07)) {
        if (xd->left_mbmi && xd->above_mbmi) {
          if ((xd->left_mbmi->interp_filters.as_filters.x_filter ==
                   EIGHTTAP_SMOOTH &&
               xd->above_mbmi->interp_filters.as_filters.x_filter ==
                   EIGHTTAP_SMOOTH))
            mi->interp_filters = av1_broadcast_interp_filter(EIGHTTAP_SMOOTH);
        }
      }
      if (!comp_pred)
        av1_enc_build_inter_predictor_y(xd, mi_row, mi_col);
      else
        av1_enc_build_inter_predictor(cm, xd, mi_row, mi_col, NULL, bsize, 0,
                                      0);

      if (use_model_yrd_large) {
        model_skip_for_sb_y_large(cpi, bsize, mi_row, mi_col, x, xd, &this_rdc,
                                  &this_early_term, use_modeled_non_rd_cost);
      } else {
        model_rd_for_sb_y(cpi, bsize, x, xd, &this_rdc,
                          use_modeled_non_rd_cost);
      }
    }

    if (ref_frame == LAST_FRAME && frame_mv[this_mode][ref_frame].as_int == 0) {
      sse_zeromv_norm =
          (unsigned int)(this_rdc.sse >> (b_width_log2_lookup[bsize] +
                                          b_height_log2_lookup[bsize]));
    }

    const int skip_ctx = av1_get_skip_txfm_context(xd);
    const int skip_txfm_cost = mode_costs->skip_txfm_cost[skip_ctx][1];
    const int no_skip_txfm_cost = mode_costs->skip_txfm_cost[skip_ctx][0];
    const int64_t sse_y = this_rdc.sse;
    if (this_early_term) {
      this_rdc.skip_txfm = 1;
      this_rdc.rate = skip_txfm_cost;
      this_rdc.dist = this_rdc.sse << 4;
    } else {
      if (use_modeled_non_rd_cost) {
        if (this_rdc.skip_txfm) {
          this_rdc.rate = skip_txfm_cost;
        } else {
          this_rdc.rate += no_skip_txfm_cost;
        }
      } else {
        block_yrd(cpi, x, mi_row, mi_col, &this_rdc, &is_skippable, bsize,
                  mi->tx_size);
        if (this_rdc.skip_txfm ||
            RDCOST(x->rdmult, this_rdc.rate, this_rdc.dist) >=
                RDCOST(x->rdmult, 0, this_rdc.sse)) {
          if (!this_rdc.skip_txfm) {
            // Need to store "real" rdc for possible furure use if UV rdc
            // disallows tx skip
            nonskip_rdc = this_rdc;
            nonskip_rdc.rate += no_skip_txfm_cost;
          }
          this_rdc.rate = skip_txfm_cost;
          this_rdc.skip_txfm = 1;
          this_rdc.dist = this_rdc.sse;
        } else {
          this_rdc.rate += no_skip_txfm_cost;
        }
      }
      if ((x->color_sensitivity[0] || x->color_sensitivity[1])) {
        RD_STATS rdc_uv;
        const BLOCK_SIZE uv_bsize = get_plane_block_size(
            bsize, xd->plane[1].subsampling_x, xd->plane[1].subsampling_y);
        if (x->color_sensitivity[0]) {
          av1_enc_build_inter_predictor(cm, xd, mi_row, mi_col, NULL, bsize,
                                        AOM_PLANE_U, AOM_PLANE_U);
        }
        if (x->color_sensitivity[1]) {
          av1_enc_build_inter_predictor(cm, xd, mi_row, mi_col, NULL, bsize,
                                        AOM_PLANE_V, AOM_PLANE_V);
        }
        model_rd_for_sb_uv(cpi, uv_bsize, x, xd, &rdc_uv, &this_rdc.sse, 1, 2);
        // Restore Y rdc if UV rdc disallows txfm skip
        if (this_rdc.skip_txfm && !rdc_uv.skip_txfm &&
            nonskip_rdc.rate != INT_MAX)
          this_rdc = nonskip_rdc;
        this_rdc.rate += rdc_uv.rate;
        this_rdc.dist += rdc_uv.dist;
        this_rdc.skip_txfm = this_rdc.skip_txfm && rdc_uv.skip_txfm;
      }
    }

    // TODO(kyslov) account for UV prediction cost
    this_rdc.rate += rate_mv;
    const int16_t mode_ctx =
        av1_mode_context_analyzer(mbmi_ext->mode_context, mi->ref_frame);
    this_rdc.rate += cost_mv_ref(mode_costs, this_mode, mode_ctx);

    this_rdc.rate += ref_costs_single[ref_frame];

    this_rdc.rdcost = RDCOST(x->rdmult, this_rdc.rate, this_rdc.dist);
    if (cpi->oxcf.rc_cfg.mode == AOM_CBR && !comp_pred) {
      newmv_diff_bias(xd, this_mode, &this_rdc, bsize,
                      frame_mv[this_mode][ref_frame].as_mv.row,
                      frame_mv[this_mode][ref_frame].as_mv.col, cpi->speed,
                      x->source_variance, x->content_state_sb);
    }
#if CONFIG_AV1_TEMPORAL_DENOISING
    if (cpi->oxcf.noise_sensitivity > 0 && denoise_svc_pickmode &&
        cpi->denoiser.denoising_level > kDenLowLow) {
      av1_denoiser_update_frame_stats(mi, sse_y, this_mode, ctx);
      // Keep track of zero_last cost.
      if (ref_frame == LAST_FRAME && frame_mv[this_mode][ref_frame].as_int == 0)
        zero_last_cost_orig = this_rdc.rdcost;
    }
#else
    (void)sse_y;
#endif

    mode_checked[this_mode][ref_frame] = 1;
#if COLLECT_PICK_MODE_STAT
    aom_usec_timer_mark(&ms_stat.timer1);
    ms_stat.nonskipped_search_times[bsize][this_mode] +=
        aom_usec_timer_elapsed(&ms_stat.timer1);
#endif
    if (this_rdc.rdcost < best_rdc.rdcost) {
      best_rdc = this_rdc;
      best_early_term = this_early_term;
      best_pickmode.best_mode = this_mode;
      best_pickmode.best_motion_mode = mi->motion_mode;
      best_pickmode.wm_params = mi->wm_params;
      best_pickmode.num_proj_ref = mi->num_proj_ref;
      best_pickmode.best_pred_filter = mi->interp_filters;
      best_pickmode.best_tx_size = mi->tx_size;
      best_pickmode.best_ref_frame = ref_frame;
      best_pickmode.best_second_ref_frame = ref_frame2;
      best_pickmode.best_mode_skip_txfm = this_rdc.skip_txfm;
      best_pickmode.best_mode_initial_skip_flag =
          (nonskip_rdc.rate == INT_MAX && this_rdc.skip_txfm);
      if (!best_pickmode.best_mode_skip_txfm && !use_modeled_non_rd_cost) {
        memcpy(best_pickmode.blk_skip, txfm_info->blk_skip,
               sizeof(txfm_info->blk_skip[0]) * num_8x8_blocks);
      }

      // This is needed for the compound modes.
      frame_mv_best[this_mode][ref_frame].as_int =
          frame_mv[this_mode][ref_frame].as_int;
      if (ref_frame2 > NONE_FRAME)
        frame_mv_best[this_mode][ref_frame2].as_int =
            frame_mv[this_mode][ref_frame2].as_int;

      if (reuse_inter_pred) {
        free_pred_buffer(best_pickmode.best_pred);
        best_pickmode.best_pred = this_mode_pred;
      }
    } else {
      if (reuse_inter_pred) free_pred_buffer(this_mode_pred);
    }
    if (best_early_term && (idx > 0 || cpi->sf.rt_sf.nonrd_agressive_skip)) {
      txfm_info->skip_txfm = 1;
      break;
    }
  }

  mi->mode = best_pickmode.best_mode;
  mi->motion_mode = best_pickmode.best_motion_mode;
  mi->wm_params = best_pickmode.wm_params;
  mi->num_proj_ref = best_pickmode.num_proj_ref;
  mi->interp_filters = best_pickmode.best_pred_filter;
  mi->tx_size = best_pickmode.best_tx_size;
  memset(mi->inter_tx_size, mi->tx_size, sizeof(mi->inter_tx_size));
  mi->ref_frame[0] = best_pickmode.best_ref_frame;
  mi->mv[0].as_int =
      frame_mv_best[best_pickmode.best_mode][best_pickmode.best_ref_frame]
          .as_int;
  mi->mv[1].as_int = 0;
  if (best_pickmode.best_second_ref_frame > INTRA_FRAME) {
    mi->ref_frame[1] = best_pickmode.best_second_ref_frame;
    mi->mv[1].as_int = frame_mv_best[best_pickmode.best_mode]
                                    [best_pickmode.best_second_ref_frame]
                                        .as_int;
  }
  // Perform intra prediction search, if the best SAD is above a certain
  // threshold.
  mi->angle_delta[PLANE_TYPE_Y] = 0;
  mi->angle_delta[PLANE_TYPE_UV] = 0;
  mi->filter_intra_mode_info.use_filter_intra = 0;

  estimate_intra_mode(cpi, x, bsize, use_modeled_non_rd_cost, best_early_term,
                      ref_costs_single[INTRA_FRAME], reuse_inter_pred,
                      &orig_dst, tmp, &this_mode_pred, &best_rdc,
                      &best_pickmode);

  int try_palette =
      cpi->oxcf.tool_cfg.enable_palette &&
      av1_allow_palette(cpi->common.features.allow_screen_content_tools,
                        mi->bsize);
  try_palette = try_palette && is_mode_intra(best_pickmode.best_mode) &&
                best_pickmode.best_mode_skip_txfm != 1 &&
                cpi->rc.high_source_sad;

  if (try_palette) {
    const unsigned int intra_ref_frame_cost = ref_costs_single[INTRA_FRAME];

    av1_search_palette_mode_luma(cpi, x, bsize, intra_ref_frame_cost, ctx,
                                 &this_rdc, best_rdc.rdcost);
    if (this_rdc.rdcost < best_rdc.rdcost) {
      best_pickmode.pmi = mi->palette_mode_info;
      best_pickmode.best_mode = DC_PRED;
      mi->mv[0].as_int = 0;
      best_rdc.rate = this_rdc.rate;
      best_rdc.dist = this_rdc.dist;
      best_rdc.rdcost = this_rdc.rdcost;
      memcpy(best_pickmode.blk_skip, txfm_info->blk_skip,
             sizeof(txfm_info->blk_skip[0]) * ctx->num_4x4_blk);
      av1_copy_array(ctx->tx_type_map, xd->tx_type_map, ctx->num_4x4_blk);
    }
  }

  pd->dst = orig_dst;
  if (try_palette) mi->palette_mode_info = best_pickmode.pmi;
  mi->mode = best_pickmode.best_mode;
  mi->ref_frame[0] = best_pickmode.best_ref_frame;
  mi->ref_frame[1] = best_pickmode.best_second_ref_frame;
  txfm_info->skip_txfm = best_rdc.skip_txfm;
  if (!txfm_info->skip_txfm) {
    if (best_pickmode.best_mode >= INTRA_MODE_END)
      memcpy(ctx->blk_skip, best_pickmode.blk_skip,
             sizeof(best_pickmode.blk_skip[0]) * num_8x8_blocks);
    else
      memset(ctx->blk_skip, 0,
             sizeof(best_pickmode.blk_skip[0]) * ctx->num_4x4_blk);
  }
  if (has_second_ref(mi)) {
    mi->comp_group_idx = 0;
    mi->compound_idx = 1;
    mi->interinter_comp.type = COMPOUND_AVERAGE;
  }

  if (!is_inter_block(mi)) {
    mi->interp_filters = av1_broadcast_interp_filter(SWITCHABLE_FILTERS);
  }

  if (reuse_inter_pred && best_pickmode.best_pred != NULL) {
    PRED_BUFFER *const best_pred = best_pickmode.best_pred;
    if (best_pred->data != orig_dst.buf && is_inter_mode(mi->mode)) {
      aom_convolve_copy(best_pred->data, best_pred->stride, pd->dst.buf,
                        pd->dst.stride, bw, bh);
    }
  }

#if CONFIG_AV1_TEMPORAL_DENOISING
  if (cpi->oxcf.noise_sensitivity > 0 && resize_pending == 0 &&
      denoise_svc_pickmode && cpi->denoiser.denoising_level > kDenLowLow &&
      cpi->denoiser.reset == 0) {
    AV1_DENOISER_DECISION decision = COPY_BLOCK;
    ctx->sb_skip_denoising = 0;
    av1_pickmode_ctx_den_update(&ctx_den, zero_last_cost_orig, ref_costs_single,
                                frame_mv, reuse_inter_pred, &best_pickmode);
    av1_denoiser_denoise(cpi, x, mi_row, mi_col, bsize, ctx, &decision,
                         gf_temporal_ref);
    if (denoise_recheck_zeromv)
      recheck_zeromv_after_denoising(cpi, mi, x, xd, decision, &ctx_den,
                                     yv12_mb, &best_rdc, &best_pickmode, bsize,
                                     mi_row, mi_col);
    best_pickmode.best_ref_frame = ctx_den.best_ref_frame;
  }
#endif

  if (cpi->sf.inter_sf.adaptive_rd_thresh && !has_second_ref(mi)) {
    THR_MODES best_mode_idx =
        mode_idx[best_pickmode.best_ref_frame][mode_offset(mi->mode)];
    if (best_pickmode.best_ref_frame == INTRA_FRAME) {
      // Only consider the modes that are included in the intra_mode_list.
      int intra_modes = sizeof(intra_mode_list) / sizeof(PREDICTION_MODE);
      for (int i = 0; i < intra_modes; i++) {
        update_thresh_freq_fact(cpi, x, bsize, INTRA_FRAME, best_mode_idx,
                                intra_mode_list[i]);
      }
    } else {
      PREDICTION_MODE this_mode;
      for (this_mode = NEARESTMV; this_mode <= NEWMV; ++this_mode) {
        update_thresh_freq_fact(cpi, x, bsize, best_pickmode.best_ref_frame,
                                best_mode_idx, this_mode);
      }
    }
  }

#if CONFIG_INTERNAL_STATS
  store_coding_context(x, ctx, mi->mode);
#else
  store_coding_context(x, ctx);
#endif  // CONFIG_INTERNAL_STATS
#if COLLECT_PICK_MODE_STAT
  aom_usec_timer_mark(&ms_stat.timer2);
  ms_stat.avg_block_times[bsize] += aom_usec_timer_elapsed(&ms_stat.timer2);
  //
  if ((mi_row + mi_size_high[bsize] >= (cpi->common.mi_params.mi_rows)) &&
      (mi_col + mi_size_wide[bsize] >= (cpi->common.mi_params.mi_cols))) {
    int i, j;
    PREDICTION_MODE used_modes[3] = { NEARESTMV, NEARMV, NEWMV };
    BLOCK_SIZE bss[5] = { BLOCK_8X8, BLOCK_16X16, BLOCK_32X32, BLOCK_64X64,
                          BLOCK_128X128 };
    int64_t total_time = 0l;
    int32_t total_blocks = 0;

    printf("\n");
    for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
      printf("BS(%d) Num %d, Avg_time %f: ", bss[i], ms_stat.num_blocks[bss[i]],
             ms_stat.num_blocks[bss[i]] > 0
                 ? (float)ms_stat.avg_block_times[bss[i]] /
                       ms_stat.num_blocks[bss[i]]
                 : 0);
      total_time += ms_stat.avg_block_times[bss[i]];
      total_blocks += ms_stat.num_blocks[bss[i]];
      for (j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
        printf("Mode %d, %d/%d tps %f ", used_modes[j],
               ms_stat.num_nonskipped_searches[bss[i]][used_modes[j]],
               ms_stat.num_searches[bss[i]][used_modes[j]],
               ms_stat.num_nonskipped_searches[bss[i]][used_modes[j]] > 0
                   ? (float)ms_stat
                             .nonskipped_search_times[bss[i]][used_modes[j]] /
                         ms_stat.num_nonskipped_searches[bss[i]][used_modes[j]]
                   : 0l);
      }
      printf("\n");
    }
    printf("Total time = %ld. Total blocks = %d\n", total_time, total_blocks);
  }
  //
#endif  // COLLECT_PICK_MODE_STAT
  *rd_cost = best_rdc;
}