diff --git a/examples/aomcx_set_ref.c b/examples/aomcx_set_ref.c
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/aomcx_set_ref.c
@@ -0,0 +1,436 @@
+/*
+ *  Copyright (c) 2016 The WebM project authors. All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ *  Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license
+ *  that can be found in the LICENSE file in the root of the source
+ *  tree. An additional intellectual property rights grant can be found
+ *  in the file PATENTS.  All contributing project authors may
+ *  be found in the AUTHORS file in the root of the source tree.
+ */
+
+// AV1 Set Reference Frame
+// ============================
+//
+// This is an example demonstrating how to overwrite the AV1 encoder's
+// internal reference frame. In the sample we set the last frame to the
+// current frame. This technique could be used to bounce between two cameras.
+//
+// The decoder would also have to set the reference frame to the same value
+// on the same frame, or the video will become corrupt. The 'test_decode'
+// variable is set to 1 in this example that tests if the encoder and decoder
+// results are matching.
+//
+// Usage
+// -----
+// This example encodes a raw video. And the last argument passed in specifies
+// the frame number to update the reference frame on. For example, run
+// examples/aom_cx_set_ref av1 352 288 in.yuv out.ivf 4 30
+// The parameter is parsed as follows:
+//
+//
+// Extra Variables
+// ---------------
+// This example maintains the frame number passed on the command line
+// in the `update_frame_num` variable.
+//
+//
+// Configuration
+// -------------
+//
+// The reference frame is updated on the frame specified on the command
+// line.
+//
+// Observing The Effects
+// ---------------------
+// The encoder and decoder results should be matching when the same reference
+// frame setting operation is done in both encoder and decoder. Otherwise,
+// the encoder/decoder mismatch would be seen.
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "aom/aomcx.h"
+#include "aom/aom_decoder.h"
+#include "aom/aom_encoder.h"
+
+#include "./tools_common.h"
+#include "./video_writer.h"
+
+static const char *exec_name;
+
+void usage_exit() {
+  fprintf(stderr,
+          "Usage: %s <codec> <width> <height> <infile> <outfile> "
+          "<frame> <limit(optional)>\n",
+          exec_name);
+  exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+}
+
+static int compare_img(const aom_image_t *const img1,
+                       const aom_image_t *const img2) {
+  uint32_t l_w = img1->d_w;
+  uint32_t c_w = (img1->d_w + img1->x_chroma_shift) >> img1->x_chroma_shift;
+  const uint32_t c_h =
+      (img1->d_h + img1->y_chroma_shift) >> img1->y_chroma_shift;
+  uint32_t i;
+  int match = 1;
+
+  match &= (img1->fmt == img2->fmt);
+  match &= (img1->d_w == img2->d_w);
+  match &= (img1->d_h == img2->d_h);
+
+  for (i = 0; i < img1->d_h; ++i)
+    match &= (memcmp(img1->planes[AOM_PLANE_Y] + i * img1->stride[AOM_PLANE_Y],
+                     img2->planes[AOM_PLANE_Y] + i * img2->stride[AOM_PLANE_Y],
+                     l_w) == 0);
+
+  for (i = 0; i < c_h; ++i)
+    match &= (memcmp(img1->planes[AOM_PLANE_U] + i * img1->stride[AOM_PLANE_U],
+                     img2->planes[AOM_PLANE_U] + i * img2->stride[AOM_PLANE_U],
+                     c_w) == 0);
+
+  for (i = 0; i < c_h; ++i)
+    match &= (memcmp(img1->planes[AOM_PLANE_V] + i * img1->stride[AOM_PLANE_V],
+                     img2->planes[AOM_PLANE_V] + i * img2->stride[AOM_PLANE_V],
+                     c_w) == 0);
+
+  return match;
+}
+
+#define mmin(a, b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
+static void find_mismatch(const aom_image_t *const img1,
+                          const aom_image_t *const img2, int yloc[4],
+                          int uloc[4], int vloc[4]) {
+  const uint32_t bsize = 64;
+  const uint32_t bsizey = bsize >> img1->y_chroma_shift;
+  const uint32_t bsizex = bsize >> img1->x_chroma_shift;
+  const uint32_t c_w =
+      (img1->d_w + img1->x_chroma_shift) >> img1->x_chroma_shift;
+  const uint32_t c_h =
+      (img1->d_h + img1->y_chroma_shift) >> img1->y_chroma_shift;
+  int match = 1;
+  uint32_t i, j;
+  yloc[0] = yloc[1] = yloc[2] = yloc[3] = -1;
+  for (i = 0, match = 1; match && i < img1->d_h; i += bsize) {
+    for (j = 0; match && j < img1->d_w; j += bsize) {
+      int k, l;
+      const int si = mmin(i + bsize, img1->d_h) - i;
+      const int sj = mmin(j + bsize, img1->d_w) - j;
+      for (k = 0; match && k < si; ++k) {
+        for (l = 0; match && l < sj; ++l) {
+          if (*(img1->planes[AOM_PLANE_Y] +
+                (i + k) * img1->stride[AOM_PLANE_Y] + j + l) !=
+              *(img2->planes[AOM_PLANE_Y] +
+                (i + k) * img2->stride[AOM_PLANE_Y] + j + l)) {
+            yloc[0] = i + k;
+            yloc[1] = j + l;
+            yloc[2] = *(img1->planes[AOM_PLANE_Y] +
+                        (i + k) * img1->stride[AOM_PLANE_Y] + j + l);
+            yloc[3] = *(img2->planes[AOM_PLANE_Y] +
+                        (i + k) * img2->stride[AOM_PLANE_Y] + j + l);
+            match = 0;
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  uloc[0] = uloc[1] = uloc[2] = uloc[3] = -1;
+  for (i = 0, match = 1; match && i < c_h; i += bsizey) {
+    for (j = 0; match && j < c_w; j += bsizex) {
+      int k, l;
+      const int si = mmin(i + bsizey, c_h - i);
+      const int sj = mmin(j + bsizex, c_w - j);
+      for (k = 0; match && k < si; ++k) {
+        for (l = 0; match && l < sj; ++l) {
+          if (*(img1->planes[AOM_PLANE_U] +
+                (i + k) * img1->stride[AOM_PLANE_U] + j + l) !=
+              *(img2->planes[AOM_PLANE_U] +
+                (i + k) * img2->stride[AOM_PLANE_U] + j + l)) {
+            uloc[0] = i + k;
+            uloc[1] = j + l;
+            uloc[2] = *(img1->planes[AOM_PLANE_U] +
+                        (i + k) * img1->stride[AOM_PLANE_U] + j + l);
+            uloc[3] = *(img2->planes[AOM_PLANE_U] +
+                        (i + k) * img2->stride[AOM_PLANE_U] + j + l);
+            match = 0;
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  vloc[0] = vloc[1] = vloc[2] = vloc[3] = -1;
+  for (i = 0, match = 1; match && i < c_h; i += bsizey) {
+    for (j = 0; match && j < c_w; j += bsizex) {
+      int k, l;
+      const int si = mmin(i + bsizey, c_h - i);
+      const int sj = mmin(j + bsizex, c_w - j);
+      for (k = 0; match && k < si; ++k) {
+        for (l = 0; match && l < sj; ++l) {
+          if (*(img1->planes[AOM_PLANE_V] +
+                (i + k) * img1->stride[AOM_PLANE_V] + j + l) !=
+              *(img2->planes[AOM_PLANE_V] +
+                (i + k) * img2->stride[AOM_PLANE_V] + j + l)) {
+            vloc[0] = i + k;
+            vloc[1] = j + l;
+            vloc[2] = *(img1->planes[AOM_PLANE_V] +
+                        (i + k) * img1->stride[AOM_PLANE_V] + j + l);
+            vloc[3] = *(img2->planes[AOM_PLANE_V] +
+                        (i + k) * img2->stride[AOM_PLANE_V] + j + l);
+            match = 0;
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static void testing_decode(aom_codec_ctx_t *encoder, aom_codec_ctx_t *decoder,
+                           aom_codec_enc_cfg_t *cfg, unsigned int frame_out,
+                           int *mismatch_seen) {
+  aom_image_t enc_img, dec_img;
+  struct av1_ref_frame ref_enc, ref_dec;
+
+  if (*mismatch_seen) return;
+
+  ref_enc.idx = 0;
+  ref_dec.idx = 0;
+  if (aom_codec_control(encoder, AV1_GET_REFERENCE, &ref_enc))
+    die_codec(encoder, "Failed to get encoder reference frame");
+  enc_img = ref_enc.img;
+  if (aom_codec_control(decoder, AV1_GET_REFERENCE, &ref_dec))
+    die_codec(decoder, "Failed to get decoder reference frame");
+  dec_img = ref_dec.img;
+
+  if (!compare_img(&enc_img, &dec_img)) {
+    int y[4], u[4], v[4];
+
+    *mismatch_seen = 1;
+
+    find_mismatch(&enc_img, &dec_img, y, u, v);
+    printf(
+        "Encode/decode mismatch on frame %d at"
+        " Y[%d, %d] {%d/%d},"
+        " U[%d, %d] {%d/%d},"
+        " V[%d, %d] {%d/%d}",
+        frame_out, y[0], y[1], y[2], y[3], u[0], u[1], u[2], u[3], v[0], v[1],
+        v[2], v[3]);
+  }
+
+  aom_img_free(&enc_img);
+  aom_img_free(&dec_img);
+}
+
+static int encode_frame(aom_codec_ctx_t *ecodec, aom_codec_enc_cfg_t *cfg,
+                        aom_image_t *img, unsigned int frame_in,
+                        AvxVideoWriter *writer, int test_decode,
+                        aom_codec_ctx_t *dcodec, unsigned int *frame_out,
+                        int *mismatch_seen) {
+  int got_pkts = 0;
+  aom_codec_iter_t iter = NULL;
+  const aom_codec_cx_pkt_t *pkt = NULL;
+  int got_data;
+  const aom_codec_err_t res =
+      aom_codec_encode(ecodec, img, frame_in, 1, 0, AOM_DL_GOOD_QUALITY);
+  if (res != AOM_CODEC_OK) die_codec(ecodec, "Failed to encode frame");
+
+  got_data = 0;
+
+  while ((pkt = aom_codec_get_cx_data(ecodec, &iter)) != NULL) {
+    got_pkts = 1;
+
+    if (pkt->kind == AOM_CODEC_CX_FRAME_PKT) {
+      const int keyframe = (pkt->data.frame.flags & AOM_FRAME_IS_KEY) != 0;
+
+      if (!(pkt->data.frame.flags & AOM_FRAME_IS_FRAGMENT)) {
+        *frame_out += 1;
+      }
+
+      if (!aom_video_writer_write_frame(writer, pkt->data.frame.buf,
+                                        pkt->data.frame.sz,
+                                        pkt->data.frame.pts)) {
+        die_codec(ecodec, "Failed to write compressed frame");
+      }
+      printf(keyframe ? "K" : ".");
+      fflush(stdout);
+      got_data = 1;
+
+      // Decode 1 frame.
+      if (test_decode) {
+        if (aom_codec_decode(dcodec, pkt->data.frame.buf,
+                             (unsigned int)pkt->data.frame.sz, NULL, 0))
+          die_codec(dcodec, "Failed to decode frame.");
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Mismatch checking
+  if (got_data && test_decode) {
+    testing_decode(ecodec, dcodec, cfg, *frame_out, mismatch_seen);
+  }
+
+  return got_pkts;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+  FILE *infile = NULL;
+  // Encoder
+  aom_codec_ctx_t ecodec = { 0 };
+  aom_codec_enc_cfg_t cfg = { 0 };
+  unsigned int frame_in = 0;
+  aom_image_t raw;
+  aom_codec_err_t res;
+  AvxVideoInfo info = { 0 };
+  AvxVideoWriter *writer = NULL;
+  const AvxInterface *encoder = NULL;
+
+  // Test encoder/decoder mismatch.
+  int test_decode = 1;
+  // Decoder
+  aom_codec_ctx_t dcodec;
+  unsigned int frame_out = 0;
+
+  // The frame number to set reference frame on
+  unsigned int update_frame_num = 0;
+  int mismatch_seen = 0;
+
+  const int fps = 30;
+  const int bitrate = 500;
+
+  const char *codec_arg = NULL;
+  const char *width_arg = NULL;
+  const char *height_arg = NULL;
+  const char *infile_arg = NULL;
+  const char *outfile_arg = NULL;
+  unsigned int limit = 0;
+  exec_name = argv[0];
+
+  if (argc < 7) die("Invalid number of arguments");
+
+  codec_arg = argv[1];
+  width_arg = argv[2];
+  height_arg = argv[3];
+  infile_arg = argv[4];
+  outfile_arg = argv[5];
+
+  encoder = get_aom_encoder_by_name(codec_arg);
+  if (!encoder) die("Unsupported codec.");
+
+  update_frame_num = atoi(argv[6]);
+  // In AV1, the reference buffers (cm->buffer_pool->frame_bufs[i].buf) are
+  // allocated while calling aom_codec_encode(), thus, setting reference for
+  // 1st frame isn't supported.
+  if (update_frame_num <= 1) die("Couldn't parse frame number '%s'\n", argv[6]);
+
+  if (argc > 7) {
+    limit = atoi(argv[7]);
+    if (update_frame_num > limit)
+      die("Update frame number couldn't larger than limit\n");
+  }
+
+  info.codec_fourcc = encoder->fourcc;
+  info.frame_width = strtol(width_arg, NULL, 0);
+  info.frame_height = strtol(height_arg, NULL, 0);
+  info.time_base.numerator = 1;
+  info.time_base.denominator = fps;
+
+  if (info.frame_width <= 0 || info.frame_height <= 0 ||
+      (info.frame_width % 2) != 0 || (info.frame_height % 2) != 0) {
+    die("Invalid frame size: %dx%d", info.frame_width, info.frame_height);
+  }
+
+  if (!aom_img_alloc(&raw, AOM_IMG_FMT_I420, info.frame_width,
+                     info.frame_height, 1)) {
+    die("Failed to allocate image.");
+  }
+
+  printf("Using %s\n", aom_codec_iface_name(encoder->codec_interface()));
+
+  res = aom_codec_enc_config_default(encoder->codec_interface(), &cfg, 0);
+  if (res) die_codec(&ecodec, "Failed to get default codec config.");
+
+  cfg.g_w = info.frame_width;
+  cfg.g_h = info.frame_height;
+  cfg.g_timebase.num = info.time_base.numerator;
+  cfg.g_timebase.den = info.time_base.denominator;
+  cfg.rc_target_bitrate = bitrate;
+  cfg.g_lag_in_frames = 3;
+
+  writer = aom_video_writer_open(outfile_arg, kContainerIVF, &info);
+  if (!writer) die("Failed to open %s for writing.", outfile_arg);
+
+  if (!(infile = fopen(infile_arg, "rb")))
+    die("Failed to open %s for reading.", infile_arg);
+
+  if (aom_codec_enc_init(&ecodec, encoder->codec_interface(), &cfg, 0))
+    die_codec(&ecodec, "Failed to initialize encoder");
+
+  // Disable alt_ref.
+  if (aom_codec_control(&ecodec, AOME_SET_ENABLEAUTOALTREF, 0))
+    die_codec(&ecodec, "Failed to set enable auto alt ref");
+
+  if (test_decode) {
+    const AvxInterface *decoder = get_aom_decoder_by_name(codec_arg);
+    if (aom_codec_dec_init(&dcodec, decoder->codec_interface(), NULL, 0))
+      die_codec(&dcodec, "Failed to initialize decoder.");
+  }
+
+  // Encode frames.
+  while (aom_img_read(&raw, infile)) {
+    if (limit && frame_in >= limit) break;
+    if (update_frame_num > 1 && frame_out + 1 == update_frame_num) {
+      aom_ref_frame_t ref;
+      ref.frame_type = AOM_LAST_FRAME;
+      ref.img = raw;
+      // Set reference frame in encoder.
+      if (aom_codec_control(&ecodec, AOM_SET_REFERENCE, &ref))
+        die_codec(&ecodec, "Failed to set reference frame");
+      printf(" <SET_REF>");
+
+      // If set_reference in decoder is commented out, the enc/dec mismatch
+      // would be seen.
+      if (test_decode) {
+        if (aom_codec_control(&dcodec, AOM_SET_REFERENCE, &ref))
+          die_codec(&dcodec, "Failed to set reference frame");
+      }
+    }
+
+    encode_frame(&ecodec, &cfg, &raw, frame_in, writer, test_decode, &dcodec,
+                 &frame_out, &mismatch_seen);
+    frame_in++;
+    if (mismatch_seen) break;
+  }
+
+  // Flush encoder.
+  if (!mismatch_seen)
+    while (encode_frame(&ecodec, &cfg, NULL, frame_in, writer, test_decode,
+                        &dcodec, &frame_out, &mismatch_seen)) {
+    }
+
+  printf("\n");
+  fclose(infile);
+  printf("Processed %d frames.\n", frame_out);
+
+  if (test_decode) {
+    if (!mismatch_seen)
+      printf("Encoder/decoder results are matching.\n");
+    else
+      printf("Encoder/decoder results are NOT matching.\n");
+  }
+
+  if (test_decode)
+    if (aom_codec_destroy(&dcodec))
+      die_codec(&dcodec, "Failed to destroy decoder");
+
+  aom_img_free(&raw);
+  if (aom_codec_destroy(&ecodec))
+    die_codec(&ecodec, "Failed to destroy encoder.");
+
+  aom_video_writer_close(writer);
+
+  return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}