av1/encoder/encodetxb.c

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2017, Alliance for Open Media. All rights reserved
 *
 * This source code is subject to the terms of the BSD 2 Clause License and
 * the Alliance for Open Media Patent License 1.0. If the BSD 2 Clause License
 * was not distributed with this source code in the LICENSE file, you can
 * obtain it at www.aomedia.org/license/software. If the Alliance for Open
 * Media Patent License 1.0 was not distributed with this source code in the
 * PATENTS file, you can obtain it at www.aomedia.org/license/patent.
 */

#include "av1/encoder/encodetxb.h"

#include "aom_ports/mem.h"
#include "av1/common/blockd.h"
#include "av1/common/idct.h"
#include "av1/common/pred_common.h"
#include "av1/common/scan.h"
#include "av1/encoder/bitstream.h"
#include "av1/encoder/cost.h"
#include "av1/encoder/encodeframe.h"
#include "av1/encoder/hash.h"
#include "av1/encoder/rdopt.h"
#include "av1/encoder/tokenize.h"

static int hbt_needs_init = 1;
static CRC32C crc_calculator;
static const int HBT_EOB = 16;            // also the length in opt_qcoeff
static const int HBT_TABLE_SIZE = 65536;  // 16 bit: holds 65536 'arrays'
static const int HBT_ARRAY_LENGTH = 256;  // 8 bit: 256 entries
// If removed in hbt_create_hashes or increased beyond int8_t, widen deltas type
static const int HBT_KICKOUT = 3;

typedef struct OptTxbQcoeff {
  // Use larger type if larger/no kickout value is used in hbt_create_hashes
  int8_t deltas[16];
  uint32_t hbt_qc_hash;
  uint32_t hbt_ctx_hash;
  int init;
  int rate_cost;
} OptTxbQcoeff;

OptTxbQcoeff *hbt_hash_table;

typedef struct LevelDownStats {
  int update;
  tran_low_t low_qc;
  tran_low_t low_dqc;
  int64_t dist0;
  int rate;
  int rate_low;
  int64_t dist;
  int64_t dist_low;
  int64_t rd;
  int64_t rd_low;
  int64_t nz_rd;
  int64_t rd_diff;
  int cost_diff;
  int64_t dist_diff;
  int new_eob;
} LevelDownStats;

void av1_alloc_txb_buf(AV1_COMP *cpi) {
  AV1_COMMON *cm = &cpi->common;
  int size = ((cm->mi_rows >> cm->seq_params.mib_size_log2) + 1) *
             ((cm->mi_cols >> cm->seq_params.mib_size_log2) + 1);

  av1_free_txb_buf(cpi);
  // TODO(jingning): This should be further reduced.
  CHECK_MEM_ERROR(cm, cpi->coeff_buffer_base,
                  aom_memalign(32, sizeof(*cpi->coeff_buffer_base) * size));
}

void av1_free_txb_buf(AV1_COMP *cpi) { aom_free(cpi->coeff_buffer_base); }

void av1_set_coeff_buffer(const AV1_COMP *const cpi, MACROBLOCK *const x,
                          int mi_row, int mi_col) {
  const AV1_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
  const int num_planes = av1_num_planes(cm);
  int mib_size_log2 = cm->seq_params.mib_size_log2;
  int stride = (cm->mi_cols >> mib_size_log2) + 1;
  int offset = (mi_row >> mib_size_log2) * stride + (mi_col >> mib_size_log2);
  CB_COEFF_BUFFER *coeff_buf = &cpi->coeff_buffer_base[offset];
  const int txb_offset = x->cb_offset / (TX_SIZE_W_MIN * TX_SIZE_H_MIN);
  assert(x->cb_offset < (1 << num_pels_log2_lookup[cm->seq_params.sb_size]));
  for (int plane = 0; plane < num_planes; ++plane) {
    x->mbmi_ext->tcoeff[plane] = coeff_buf->tcoeff[plane] + x->cb_offset;
    x->mbmi_ext->eobs[plane] = coeff_buf->eobs[plane] + txb_offset;
    x->mbmi_ext->txb_skip_ctx[plane] =
        coeff_buf->txb_skip_ctx[plane] + txb_offset;
    x->mbmi_ext->dc_sign_ctx[plane] =
        coeff_buf->dc_sign_ctx[plane] + txb_offset;
  }
}

static void write_golomb(aom_writer *w, int level) {
  int x = level + 1;
  int i = x;
  int length = 0;

  while (i) {
    i >>= 1;
    ++length;
  }
  assert(length > 0);

  for (i = 0; i < length - 1; ++i) aom_write_bit(w, 0);

  for (i = length - 1; i >= 0; --i) aom_write_bit(w, (x >> i) & 0x01);
}

static INLINE tran_low_t get_lower_coeff(tran_low_t qc) {
  if (qc == 0) {
    return 0;
  }
  return qc > 0 ? qc - 1 : qc + 1;
}

static INLINE tran_low_t qcoeff_to_dqcoeff(tran_low_t qc, int coeff_idx,
                                           int dqv, int shift,
                                           const qm_val_t *iqmatrix) {
  int sign = qc < 0 ? -1 : 1;
  if (iqmatrix != NULL)
    dqv =
        ((iqmatrix[coeff_idx] * dqv) + (1 << (AOM_QM_BITS - 1))) >> AOM_QM_BITS;
  return sign * ((abs(qc) * dqv) >> shift);
}

static INLINE int64_t get_coeff_dist(tran_low_t tcoeff, tran_low_t dqcoeff,
                                     int shift) {
  const int64_t diff = (tcoeff - dqcoeff) * (1 << shift);
  const int64_t error = diff * diff;
  return error;
}

static const int8_t eob_to_pos_small[33] = {
  0, 1, 2,                                        // 0-2
  3, 3,                                           // 3-4
  4, 4, 4, 4,                                     // 5-8
  5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5,                         // 9-16
  6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6  // 17-32
};

static const int8_t eob_to_pos_large[17] = {
  6,                               // place holder
  7,                               // 33-64
  8,  8,                           // 65-128
  9,  9,  9,  9,                   // 129-256
  10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10,  // 257-512
  11                               // 513-
};

static INLINE int get_eob_pos_token(const int eob, int *const extra) {
  int t;

  if (eob < 33) {
    t = eob_to_pos_small[eob];
  } else {
    const int e = AOMMIN((eob - 1) >> 5, 16);
    t = eob_to_pos_large[e];
  }

  *extra = eob - k_eob_group_start[t];

  return t;
}

#if CONFIG_ENTROPY_STATS
void av1_update_eob_context(int cdf_idx, int eob, TX_SIZE tx_size,
                            TX_CLASS tx_class, PLANE_TYPE plane,
                            FRAME_CONTEXT *ec_ctx, FRAME_COUNTS *counts,
                            uint8_t allow_update_cdf) {
#else
void av1_update_eob_context(int eob, TX_SIZE tx_size, TX_CLASS tx_class,
                            PLANE_TYPE plane, FRAME_CONTEXT *ec_ctx,
                            uint8_t allow_update_cdf) {
#endif
  int eob_extra;
  const int eob_pt = get_eob_pos_token(eob, &eob_extra);
  TX_SIZE txs_ctx = get_txsize_entropy_ctx(tx_size);

  const int eob_multi_size = txsize_log2_minus4[tx_size];
  const int eob_multi_ctx = (tx_class == TX_CLASS_2D) ? 0 : 1;

  switch (eob_multi_size) {
    case 0:
#if CONFIG_ENTROPY_STATS
      ++counts->eob_multi16[cdf_idx][plane][eob_multi_ctx][eob_pt - 1];
#endif
      if (allow_update_cdf)
        update_cdf(ec_ctx->eob_flag_cdf16[plane][eob_multi_ctx], eob_pt - 1, 5);
      break;
    case 1:
#if CONFIG_ENTROPY_STATS
      ++counts->eob_multi32[cdf_idx][plane][eob_multi_ctx][eob_pt - 1];
#endif
      if (allow_update_cdf)
        update_cdf(ec_ctx->eob_flag_cdf32[plane][eob_multi_ctx], eob_pt - 1, 6);
      break;
    case 2:
#if CONFIG_ENTROPY_STATS
      ++counts->eob_multi64[cdf_idx][plane][eob_multi_ctx][eob_pt - 1];
#endif
      if (allow_update_cdf)
        update_cdf(ec_ctx->eob_flag_cdf64[plane][eob_multi_ctx], eob_pt - 1, 7);
      break;
    case 3:
#if CONFIG_ENTROPY_STATS
      ++counts->eob_multi128[cdf_idx][plane][eob_multi_ctx][eob_pt - 1];
#endif
      if (allow_update_cdf) {
        update_cdf(ec_ctx->eob_flag_cdf128[plane][eob_multi_ctx], eob_pt - 1,
                   8);
      }
      break;
    case 4:
#if CONFIG_ENTROPY_STATS
      ++counts->eob_multi256[cdf_idx][plane][eob_multi_ctx][eob_pt - 1];
#endif
      if (allow_update_cdf) {
        update_cdf(ec_ctx->eob_flag_cdf256[plane][eob_multi_ctx], eob_pt - 1,
                   9);
      }
      break;
    case 5:
#if CONFIG_ENTROPY_STATS
      ++counts->eob_multi512[cdf_idx][plane][eob_multi_ctx][eob_pt - 1];
#endif
      if (allow_update_cdf) {
        update_cdf(ec_ctx->eob_flag_cdf512[plane][eob_multi_ctx], eob_pt - 1,
                   10);
      }
      break;
    case 6:
    default:
#if CONFIG_ENTROPY_STATS
      ++counts->eob_multi1024[cdf_idx][plane][eob_multi_ctx][eob_pt - 1];
#endif
      if (allow_update_cdf) {
        update_cdf(ec_ctx->eob_flag_cdf1024[plane][eob_multi_ctx], eob_pt - 1,
                   11);
      }
      break;
  }

  if (k_eob_offset_bits[eob_pt] > 0) {
    int eob_ctx = eob_pt - 3;
    int eob_shift = k_eob_offset_bits[eob_pt] - 1;
    int bit = (eob_extra & (1 << eob_shift)) ? 1 : 0;
#if CONFIG_ENTROPY_STATS
    counts->eob_extra[cdf_idx][txs_ctx][plane][eob_pt][bit]++;
#endif  // CONFIG_ENTROPY_STATS
    if (allow_update_cdf)
      update_cdf(ec_ctx->eob_extra_cdf[txs_ctx][plane][eob_ctx], bit, 2);
  }
}

static int get_eob_cost(int eob, const LV_MAP_EOB_COST *txb_eob_costs,
                        const LV_MAP_COEFF_COST *txb_costs, TX_CLASS tx_class) {
  int eob_extra;
  const int eob_pt = get_eob_pos_token(eob, &eob_extra);
  int eob_cost = 0;
  const int eob_multi_ctx = (tx_class == TX_CLASS_2D) ? 0 : 1;
  eob_cost = txb_eob_costs->eob_cost[eob_multi_ctx][eob_pt - 1];

  if (k_eob_offset_bits[eob_pt] > 0) {
    const int eob_ctx = eob_pt - 3;
    const int eob_shift = k_eob_offset_bits[eob_pt] - 1;
    const int bit = (eob_extra & (1 << eob_shift)) ? 1 : 0;
    eob_cost += txb_costs->eob_extra_cost[eob_ctx][bit];
    const int offset_bits = k_eob_offset_bits[eob_pt];
    if (offset_bits > 1) eob_cost += av1_cost_literal(offset_bits - 1);
  }
  return eob_cost;
}

static INLINE int get_sign_bit_cost(tran_low_t qc, int coeff_idx,
                                    const int (*dc_sign_cost)[2],
                                    int dc_sign_ctx) {
  if (coeff_idx == 0) {
    const int sign = (qc < 0) ? 1 : 0;
    return dc_sign_cost[dc_sign_ctx][sign];
  }
  return av1_cost_literal(1);
}

static INLINE int get_br_cost(tran_low_t abs_qc, int ctx,
                              const int *coeff_lps) {
  const tran_low_t min_level = 1 + NUM_BASE_LEVELS;
  const tran_low_t max_level = 1 + NUM_BASE_LEVELS + COEFF_BASE_RANGE;
  (void)ctx;
  if (abs_qc >= min_level) {
    if (abs_qc >= max_level) {
      return coeff_lps[COEFF_BASE_RANGE];  // COEFF_BASE_RANGE * cost0;
    } else {
      return coeff_lps[(abs_qc - min_level)];  //  * cost0 + cost1;
    }
  }
  return 0;
}

static INLINE int get_golomb_cost(int abs_qc) {
  if (abs_qc >= 1 + NUM_BASE_LEVELS + COEFF_BASE_RANGE) {
    const int r = abs_qc - COEFF_BASE_RANGE - NUM_BASE_LEVELS;
    const int length = get_msb(r) + 1;
    return av1_cost_literal(2 * length - 1);
  }
  return 0;
}

static int get_coeff_cost(const tran_low_t qc, const int scan_idx,
                          const int is_eob, const TxbInfo *const txb_info,
                          const LV_MAP_COEFF_COST *const txb_costs,
                          const int coeff_ctx, const TX_CLASS tx_class) {
  const TXB_CTX *const txb_ctx = txb_info->txb_ctx;
  const int is_nz = (qc != 0);
  const tran_low_t abs_qc = abs(qc);
  int cost = 0;
  const int16_t *const scan = txb_info->scan_order->scan;
  const int pos = scan[scan_idx];

  if (is_eob) {
    cost += txb_costs->base_eob_cost[coeff_ctx][AOMMIN(abs_qc, 3) - 1];
  } else {
    cost += txb_costs->base_cost[coeff_ctx][AOMMIN(abs_qc, 3)];
  }
  if (is_nz) {
    cost += get_sign_bit_cost(qc, scan_idx, txb_costs->dc_sign_cost,
                              txb_ctx->dc_sign_ctx);

    if (abs_qc > NUM_BASE_LEVELS) {
      const int ctx =
          get_br_ctx(txb_info->levels, pos, txb_info->bwl, tx_class);
      cost += get_br_cost(abs_qc, ctx, txb_costs->lps_cost[ctx]);
      cost += get_golomb_cost(abs_qc);
    }
  }
  return cost;
}

static INLINE int get_nz_map_ctx(const uint8_t *const levels,
                                 const int coeff_idx, const int bwl,
                                 const int height, const int scan_idx,
                                 const int is_eob, const TX_SIZE tx_size,
                                 const TX_CLASS tx_class) {
  if (is_eob) {
    if (scan_idx == 0) return 0;
    if (scan_idx <= (height << bwl) / 8) return 1;
    if (scan_idx <= (height << bwl) / 4) return 2;
    return 3;
  }
  const int stats =
      get_nz_mag(levels + get_padded_idx(coeff_idx, bwl), bwl, tx_class);
  return get_nz_map_ctx_from_stats(stats, coeff_idx, bwl, tx_size, tx_class);
}

static void get_dist_cost_stats(LevelDownStats *const stats, const int scan_idx,
                                const int is_eob,
                                const LV_MAP_COEFF_COST *const txb_costs,
                                const TxbInfo *const txb_info,
                                const TX_CLASS tx_class) {
  const int16_t *const scan = txb_info->scan_order->scan;
  const int coeff_idx = scan[scan_idx];
  const tran_low_t qc = txb_info->qcoeff[coeff_idx];
  const uint8_t *const levels = txb_info->levels;
  stats->new_eob = -1;
  stats->update = 0;
  stats->rd_low = 0;
  stats->rd = 0;
  stats->nz_rd = 0;
  stats->dist_low = 0;
  stats->rate_low = 0;
  stats->low_qc = 0;

  const tran_low_t tqc = txb_info->tcoeff[coeff_idx];
  const int dqv = txb_info->dequant[coeff_idx != 0];
  const int coeff_ctx =
      get_nz_map_ctx(levels, coeff_idx, txb_info->bwl, txb_info->height,
                     scan_idx, is_eob, txb_info->tx_size, tx_class);
  const int qc_cost = get_coeff_cost(qc, scan_idx, is_eob, txb_info, txb_costs,
                                     coeff_ctx, tx_class);
  assert(qc != 0);
  const tran_low_t dqc = qcoeff_to_dqcoeff(qc, coeff_idx, dqv, txb_info->shift,
                                           txb_info->iqmatrix);
  const int64_t dqc_dist = get_coeff_dist(tqc, dqc, txb_info->shift);

  // distortion difference when coefficient is quantized to 0
  const tran_low_t dqc0 =
      qcoeff_to_dqcoeff(0, coeff_idx, dqv, txb_info->shift, txb_info->iqmatrix);

  stats->dist0 = get_coeff_dist(tqc, dqc0, txb_info->shift);
  stats->dist = dqc_dist - stats->dist0;
  stats->rate = qc_cost;

  stats->rd = RDCOST(txb_info->rdmult, stats->rate, stats->dist);

  stats->low_qc = get_lower_coeff(qc);

  if (is_eob && stats->low_qc == 0) {
    stats->rd_low = stats->rd;  // disable selection of low_qc in this case.
  } else {
    if (stats->low_qc == 0) {
      stats->dist_low = 0;
    } else {
      stats->low_dqc = qcoeff_to_dqcoeff(stats->low_qc, coeff_idx, dqv,
                                         txb_info->shift, txb_info->iqmatrix);
      const int64_t low_dqc_dist =
          get_coeff_dist(tqc, stats->low_dqc, txb_info->shift);
      stats->dist_low = low_dqc_dist - stats->dist0;
    }
    const int low_qc_cost =
        get_coeff_cost(stats->low_qc, scan_idx, is_eob, txb_info, txb_costs,
                       coeff_ctx, tx_class);
    stats->rate_low = low_qc_cost;
    stats->rd_low = RDCOST(txb_info->rdmult, stats->rate_low, stats->dist_low);
  }
}

static void get_dist_cost_stats_with_eob(
    LevelDownStats *const stats, const int scan_idx,
    const LV_MAP_COEFF_COST *const txb_costs, const TxbInfo *const txb_info,
    const TX_CLASS tx_class) {
  const int is_eob = 0;
  get_dist_cost_stats(stats, scan_idx, is_eob, txb_costs, txb_info, tx_class);

  const int16_t *const scan = txb_info->scan_order->scan;
  const int coeff_idx = scan[scan_idx];
  const tran_low_t qc = txb_info->qcoeff[coeff_idx];
  const int coeff_ctx_temp = get_nz_map_ctx(
      txb_info->levels, coeff_idx, txb_info->bwl, txb_info->height, scan_idx, 1,
      txb_info->tx_size, tx_class);
  const int qc_eob_cost = get_coeff_cost(qc, scan_idx, 1, txb_info, txb_costs,
                                         coeff_ctx_temp, tx_class);
  int64_t rd_eob = RDCOST(txb_info->rdmult, qc_eob_cost, stats->dist);
  if (stats->low_qc != 0) {
    const int low_qc_eob_cost =
        get_coeff_cost(stats->low_qc, scan_idx, 1, txb_info, txb_costs,
                       coeff_ctx_temp, tx_class);
    int64_t rd_eob_low =
        RDCOST(txb_info->rdmult, low_qc_eob_cost, stats->dist_low);
    rd_eob = (rd_eob > rd_eob_low) ? rd_eob_low : rd_eob;
  }

  stats->nz_rd = AOMMIN(stats->rd_low, stats->rd) - rd_eob;
}

static INLINE void update_qcoeff(const int coeff_idx, const tran_low_t qc,
                                 const TxbInfo *const txb_info) {
  txb_info->qcoeff[coeff_idx] = qc;
  txb_info->levels[get_padded_idx(coeff_idx, txb_info->bwl)] =
      (uint8_t)clamp(abs(qc), 0, INT8_MAX);
}

static INLINE void update_coeff(const int coeff_idx, const tran_low_t qc,
                                const TxbInfo *const txb_info) {
  update_qcoeff(coeff_idx, qc, txb_info);
  const int dqv = txb_info->dequant[coeff_idx != 0];
  txb_info->dqcoeff[coeff_idx] = qcoeff_to_dqcoeff(
      qc, coeff_idx, dqv, txb_info->shift, txb_info->iqmatrix);
}

void av1_txb_init_levels_c(const tran_low_t *const coeff, const int width,
                           const int height, uint8_t *const levels) {
  const int stride = width + TX_PAD_HOR;
  uint8_t *ls = levels;

  memset(levels - TX_PAD_TOP * stride, 0,
         sizeof(*levels) * TX_PAD_TOP * stride);
  memset(levels + stride * height, 0,
         sizeof(*levels) * (TX_PAD_BOTTOM * stride + TX_PAD_END));

  for (int i = 0; i < height; i++) {
    for (int j = 0; j < width; j++) {
      *ls++ = (uint8_t)clamp(abs(coeff[i * width + j]), 0, INT8_MAX);
    }
    for (int j = 0; j < TX_PAD_HOR; j++) {
      *ls++ = 0;
    }
  }
}

void av1_get_nz_map_contexts_c(const uint8_t *const levels,
                               const int16_t *const scan, const uint16_t eob,
                               const TX_SIZE tx_size, const TX_CLASS tx_class,
                               int8_t *const coeff_contexts) {
  const int bwl = get_txb_bwl(tx_size);
  const int height = get_txb_high(tx_size);
  for (int i = 0; i < eob; ++i) {
    const int pos = scan[i];
    coeff_contexts[pos] = get_nz_map_ctx(levels, pos, bwl, height, i,
                                         i == eob - 1, tx_size, tx_class);
  }
}

void av1_write_coeffs_txb(const AV1_COMMON *const cm, MACROBLOCKD *xd,
                          aom_writer *w, int blk_row, int blk_col, int plane,
                          TX_SIZE tx_size, const tran_low_t *tcoeff,
                          uint16_t eob, TXB_CTX *txb_ctx) {
  const PLANE_TYPE plane_type = get_plane_type(plane);
  const TX_SIZE txs_ctx = get_txsize_entropy_ctx(tx_size);
  const TX_TYPE tx_type = av1_get_tx_type(plane_type, xd, blk_row, blk_col,
                                          tx_size, cm->reduced_tx_set_used);
  const TX_CLASS tx_class = tx_type_to_class[tx_type];
  const SCAN_ORDER *const scan_order = get_scan(tx_size, tx_type);
  const int16_t *const scan = scan_order->scan;
  int c;
  const int bwl = get_txb_bwl(tx_size);
  const int width = get_txb_wide(tx_size);
  const int height = get_txb_high(tx_size);
  FRAME_CONTEXT *ec_ctx = xd->tile_ctx;
  uint8_t levels_buf[TX_PAD_2D];
  uint8_t *const levels = set_levels(levels_buf, width);
  DECLARE_ALIGNED(16, int8_t, coeff_contexts[MAX_TX_SQUARE]);

  aom_write_symbol(w, eob == 0,
                   ec_ctx->txb_skip_cdf[txs_ctx][txb_ctx->txb_skip_ctx], 2);
  if (plane == 0 && eob == 0) {
    assert(tx_type == DCT_DCT);
  }
  if (eob == 0) return;

  av1_txb_init_levels(tcoeff, width, height, levels);

  av1_write_tx_type(cm, xd, blk_row, blk_col, plane, tx_size, w);

  int eob_extra;
  const int eob_pt = get_eob_pos_token(eob, &eob_extra);
  const int eob_multi_size = txsize_log2_minus4[tx_size];
  const int eob_multi_ctx = (tx_class == TX_CLASS_2D) ? 0 : 1;
  switch (eob_multi_size) {
    case 0:
      aom_write_symbol(w, eob_pt - 1,
                       ec_ctx->eob_flag_cdf16[plane_type][eob_multi_ctx], 5);
      break;
    case 1:
      aom_write_symbol(w, eob_pt - 1,
                       ec_ctx->eob_flag_cdf32[plane_type][eob_multi_ctx], 6);
      break;
    case 2:
      aom_write_symbol(w, eob_pt - 1,
                       ec_ctx->eob_flag_cdf64[plane_type][eob_multi_ctx], 7);
      break;
    case 3:
      aom_write_symbol(w, eob_pt - 1,
                       ec_ctx->eob_flag_cdf128[plane_type][eob_multi_ctx], 8);
      break;
    case 4:
      aom_write_symbol(w, eob_pt - 1,
                       ec_ctx->eob_flag_cdf256[plane_type][eob_multi_ctx], 9);
      break;
    case 5:
      aom_write_symbol(w, eob_pt - 1,
                       ec_ctx->eob_flag_cdf512[plane_type][eob_multi_ctx], 10);
      break;
    default:
      aom_write_symbol(w, eob_pt - 1,
                       ec_ctx->eob_flag_cdf1024[plane_type][eob_multi_ctx], 11);
      break;
  }

  if (k_eob_offset_bits[eob_pt] > 0) {
    const int eob_ctx = eob_pt - 3;
    int eob_shift = k_eob_offset_bits[eob_pt] - 1;
    int bit = (eob_extra & (1 << eob_shift)) ? 1 : 0;
    aom_write_symbol(w, bit,
                     ec_ctx->eob_extra_cdf[txs_ctx][plane_type][eob_ctx], 2);
    for (int i = 1; i < k_eob_offset_bits[eob_pt]; i++) {
      eob_shift = k_eob_offset_bits[eob_pt] - 1 - i;
      bit = (eob_extra & (1 << eob_shift)) ? 1 : 0;
      aom_write_bit(w, bit);
    }
  }

  av1_get_nz_map_contexts(levels, scan, eob, tx_size, tx_class, coeff_contexts);

  for (c = eob - 1; c >= 0; --c) {
    const int pos = scan[c];
    const int coeff_ctx = coeff_contexts[pos];
    const tran_low_t v = tcoeff[pos];
    const tran_low_t level = abs(v);

    if (c == eob - 1) {
      aom_write_symbol(
          w, AOMMIN(level, 3) - 1,
          ec_ctx->coeff_base_eob_cdf[txs_ctx][plane_type][coeff_ctx], 3);
    } else {
      aom_write_symbol(w, AOMMIN(level, 3),
                       ec_ctx->coeff_base_cdf[txs_ctx][plane_type][coeff_ctx],
                       4);
    }
    if (level > NUM_BASE_LEVELS) {
      // level is above 1.
      const int base_range = level - 1 - NUM_BASE_LEVELS;
      const int br_ctx = get_br_ctx(levels, pos, bwl, tx_class);
      for (int idx = 0; idx < COEFF_BASE_RANGE; idx += BR_CDF_SIZE - 1) {
        const int k = AOMMIN(base_range - idx, BR_CDF_SIZE - 1);
        aom_write_symbol(
            w, k,
            ec_ctx->coeff_br_cdf[AOMMIN(txs_ctx, TX_32X32)][plane_type][br_ctx],
            BR_CDF_SIZE);
        if (k < BR_CDF_SIZE - 1) break;
      }
    }
  }

  // Loop to code all signs in the transform block,
  // starting with the sign of DC (if applicable)
  for (c = 0; c < eob; ++c) {
    const tran_low_t v = tcoeff[scan[c]];
    const tran_low_t level = abs(v);
    const int sign = (v < 0) ? 1 : 0;
    if (level) {
      if (c == 0) {
        aom_write_symbol(
            w, sign, ec_ctx->dc_sign_cdf[plane_type][txb_ctx->dc_sign_ctx], 2);
      } else {
        aom_write_bit(w, sign);
      }
      if (level > COEFF_BASE_RANGE + NUM_BASE_LEVELS)
        write_golomb(w, level - COEFF_BASE_RANGE - 1 - NUM_BASE_LEVELS);
    }
  }
}

typedef struct encode_txb_args {
  const AV1_COMMON *cm;
  MACROBLOCK *x;
  aom_writer *w;
} ENCODE_TXB_ARGS;

static void write_coeffs_txb_wrap(const AV1_COMMON *cm, MACROBLOCK *x,
                                  aom_writer *w, int plane, int block,
                                  int blk_row, int blk_col, TX_SIZE tx_size) {
  MACROBLOCKD *xd = &x->e_mbd;
  tran_low_t *tcoeff = BLOCK_OFFSET(x->mbmi_ext->tcoeff[plane], block);
  uint16_t eob = x->mbmi_ext->eobs[plane][block];
  TXB_CTX txb_ctx = { x->mbmi_ext->txb_skip_ctx[plane][block],
                      x->mbmi_ext->dc_sign_ctx[plane][block] };
  av1_write_coeffs_txb(cm, xd, w, blk_row, blk_col, plane, tx_size, tcoeff, eob,
                       &txb_ctx);
}

void av1_write_coeffs_mb(const AV1_COMMON *const cm, MACROBLOCK *x, int mi_row,
                         int mi_col, aom_writer *w, BLOCK_SIZE bsize) {
  MACROBLOCKD *xd = &x->e_mbd;
  const int num_planes = av1_num_planes(cm);
  int block[MAX_MB_PLANE] = { 0 };
  int row, col;
  assert(bsize == get_plane_block_size(bsize, xd->plane[0].subsampling_x,
                                       xd->plane[0].subsampling_y));
  const int max_blocks_wide = max_block_wide(xd, bsize, 0);
  const int max_blocks_high = max_block_high(xd, bsize, 0);
  const BLOCK_SIZE max_unit_bsize = BLOCK_64X64;
  int mu_blocks_wide = block_size_wide[max_unit_bsize] >> tx_size_wide_log2[0];
  int mu_blocks_high = block_size_high[max_unit_bsize] >> tx_size_high_log2[0];
  mu_blocks_wide = AOMMIN(max_blocks_wide, mu_blocks_wide);
  mu_blocks_high = AOMMIN(max_blocks_high, mu_blocks_high);

  for (row = 0; row < max_blocks_high; row += mu_blocks_high) {
    for (col = 0; col < max_blocks_wide; col += mu_blocks_wide) {
      for (int plane = 0; plane < num_planes; ++plane) {
        const struct macroblockd_plane *const pd = &xd->plane[plane];
        if (!is_chroma_reference(mi_row, mi_col, bsize, pd->subsampling_x,
                                 pd->subsampling_y))
          continue;
        const TX_SIZE tx_size = av1_get_tx_size(plane, xd);
        const int stepr = tx_size_high_unit[tx_size];
        const int stepc = tx_size_wide_unit[tx_size];
        const int step = stepr * stepc;

        const int unit_height = ROUND_POWER_OF_TWO(
            AOMMIN(mu_blocks_high + row, max_blocks_high), pd->subsampling_y);
        const int unit_width = ROUND_POWER_OF_TWO(
            AOMMIN(mu_blocks_wide + col, max_blocks_wide), pd->subsampling_x);
        for (int blk_row = row >> pd->subsampling_y; blk_row < unit_height;
             blk_row += stepr) {
          for (int blk_col = col >> pd->subsampling_x; blk_col < unit_width;
               blk_col += stepc) {
            write_coeffs_txb_wrap(cm, x, w, plane, block[plane], blk_row,
                                  blk_col, tx_size);
            block[plane] += step;
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

// TODO(angiebird): use this function whenever it's possible
static int get_tx_type_cost(const AV1_COMMON *cm, const MACROBLOCK *x,
                            const MACROBLOCKD *xd, int plane, TX_SIZE tx_size,
                            TX_TYPE tx_type) {
  if (plane > 0) return 0;

  const TX_SIZE square_tx_size = txsize_sqr_map[tx_size];

  const MB_MODE_INFO *mbmi = xd->mi[0];
  const int is_inter = is_inter_block(mbmi);
  if (get_ext_tx_types(tx_size, is_inter, cm->reduced_tx_set_used) > 1 &&
      !xd->lossless[xd->mi[0]->segment_id]) {
    const int ext_tx_set =
        get_ext_tx_set(tx_size, is_inter, cm->reduced_tx_set_used);
    if (is_inter) {
      if (ext_tx_set > 0)
        return x->inter_tx_type_costs[ext_tx_set][square_tx_size][tx_type];
    } else {
      if (ext_tx_set > 0) {
        PREDICTION_MODE intra_dir;
        if (mbmi->filter_intra_mode_info.use_filter_intra)
          intra_dir = fimode_to_intradir[mbmi->filter_intra_mode_info
                                             .filter_intra_mode];
        else
          intra_dir = mbmi->mode;
        return x->intra_tx_type_costs[ext_tx_set][square_tx_size][intra_dir]
                                     [tx_type];
      }
    }
  }
  return 0;
}

static AOM_FORCE_INLINE int warehouse_efficients_txb(
    const AV1_COMMON *const cm, const MACROBLOCK *x, const int plane,
    const int block, const TX_SIZE tx_size, const TXB_CTX *const txb_ctx,
    const struct macroblock_plane *p, const int eob,
    const PLANE_TYPE plane_type, const LV_MAP_COEFF_COST *const coeff_costs,
    const MACROBLOCKD *const xd, const TX_TYPE tx_type,
    const TX_CLASS tx_class) {
  const tran_low_t *const qcoeff = BLOCK_OFFSET(p->qcoeff, block);
  const int txb_skip_ctx = txb_ctx->txb_skip_ctx;
  const int bwl = get_txb_bwl(tx_size);
  const int width = get_txb_wide(tx_size);
  const int height = get_txb_high(tx_size);
  const SCAN_ORDER *const scan_order = get_scan(tx_size, tx_type);
  const int16_t *const scan = scan_order->scan;
  uint8_t levels_buf[TX_PAD_2D];
  uint8_t *const levels = set_levels(levels_buf, width);
  DECLARE_ALIGNED(16, int8_t, coeff_contexts[MAX_TX_SQUARE]);
  const int eob_multi_size = txsize_log2_minus4[tx_size];
  const LV_MAP_EOB_COST *const eob_costs =
      &x->eob_costs[eob_multi_size][plane_type];
  int cost = coeff_costs->txb_skip_cost[txb_skip_ctx][0];

  av1_txb_init_levels(qcoeff, width, height, levels);

  cost += get_tx_type_cost(cm, x, xd, plane, tx_size, tx_type);

  cost += get_eob_cost(eob, eob_costs, coeff_costs, tx_class);

  av1_get_nz_map_contexts(levels, scan, eob, tx_size, tx_class, coeff_contexts);

  const int(*lps_cost)[COEFF_BASE_RANGE + 1] = coeff_costs->lps_cost;
  int c = eob - 1;
  {
    const int pos = scan[c];
    const tran_low_t v = qcoeff[pos];
    const int sign = v >> 31;
    const int level = (v ^ sign) - sign;
    const int coeff_ctx = coeff_contexts[pos];
    cost += coeff_costs->base_eob_cost[coeff_ctx][AOMMIN(level, 3) - 1];

    if (v) {
      // sign bit cost
      if (level > NUM_BASE_LEVELS) {
        const int ctx = get_br_ctx(levels, pos, bwl, tx_class);
        const int base_range =
            AOMMIN(level - 1 - NUM_BASE_LEVELS, COEFF_BASE_RANGE);
        cost += lps_cost[ctx][base_range];
        cost += get_golomb_cost(level);
      }
      if (c) {
        cost += av1_cost_literal(1);
      } else {
        const int sign01 = (sign ^ sign) - sign;
        const int dc_sign_ctx = txb_ctx->dc_sign_ctx;
        cost += coeff_costs->dc_sign_cost[dc_sign_ctx][sign01];
        return cost;
      }
    }
  }
  const int(*base_cost)[4] = coeff_costs->base_cost;
  for (c = eob - 2; c >= 1; --c) {
    const int pos = scan[c];
    const int coeff_ctx = coeff_contexts[pos];
    const tran_low_t v = qcoeff[pos];
    const int level = abs(v);
    const int cost0 = base_cost[coeff_ctx][AOMMIN(level, 3)];
    if (v) {
      // sign bit cost
      cost += av1_cost_literal(1);
      if (level > NUM_BASE_LEVELS) {
        const int ctx = get_br_ctx(levels, pos, bwl, tx_class);
        const int base_range =
            AOMMIN(level - 1 - NUM_BASE_LEVELS, COEFF_BASE_RANGE);
        cost += lps_cost[ctx][base_range];
        cost += get_golomb_cost(level);
      }
    }
    cost += cost0;
  }
  if (c == 0) {
    const int pos = scan[c];
    const tran_low_t v = qcoeff[pos];
    const int coeff_ctx = coeff_contexts[pos];
    const int sign = v >> 31;
    const int level = (v ^ sign) - sign;
    cost += base_cost[coeff_ctx][AOMMIN(level, 3)];

    if (v) {
      // sign bit cost
      const int sign01 = (sign ^ sign) - sign;
      const int dc_sign_ctx = txb_ctx->dc_sign_ctx;
      cost += coeff_costs->dc_sign_cost[dc_sign_ctx][sign01];
      if (level > NUM_BASE_LEVELS) {
        const int ctx = get_br_ctx(levels, pos, bwl, tx_class);
        const int base_range =
            AOMMIN(level - 1 - NUM_BASE_LEVELS, COEFF_BASE_RANGE);
        cost += lps_cost[ctx][base_range];
        cost += get_golomb_cost(level);
      }
    }
  }
  return cost;
}

int av1_cost_coeffs_txb(const AV1_COMMON *const cm, const MACROBLOCK *x,
                        const int plane, const int block, const TX_SIZE tx_size,
                        const TX_TYPE tx_type, const TXB_CTX *const txb_ctx) {
  const struct macroblock_plane *p = &x->plane[plane];
  const int eob = p->eobs[block];
  const TX_SIZE txs_ctx = get_txsize_entropy_ctx(tx_size);
  const PLANE_TYPE plane_type = get_plane_type(plane);
  const LV_MAP_COEFF_COST *const coeff_costs =
      &x->coeff_costs[txs_ctx][plane_type];
  if (eob == 0) {
    return coeff_costs->txb_skip_cost[txb_ctx->txb_skip_ctx][1];
  }

  const MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
  const TX_CLASS tx_class = tx_type_to_class[tx_type];

#define WAREHOUSE_EFFICIENTS_TXB_CASE(tx_class_literal)                        \
  case tx_class_literal:                                                       \
    return warehouse_efficients_txb(cm, x, plane, block, tx_size, txb_ctx, p,  \
                                    eob, plane_type, coeff_costs, xd, tx_type, \
                                    tx_class_literal);
  switch (tx_class) {
    WAREHOUSE_EFFICIENTS_TXB_CASE(TX_CLASS_2D);
    WAREHOUSE_EFFICIENTS_TXB_CASE(TX_CLASS_HORIZ);
    WAREHOUSE_EFFICIENTS_TXB_CASE(TX_CLASS_VERT);
#undef WAREHOUSE_EFFICIENTS_TXB_CASE
    default: assert(false); return 0;
  }
}

static int optimize_txb(TxbInfo *txb_info, const LV_MAP_COEFF_COST *txb_costs,
                        const LV_MAP_EOB_COST *txb_eob_costs, int *rate_cost) {
  int update = 0;
  if (txb_info->eob == 0) return update;
  const int16_t *const scan = txb_info->scan_order->scan;
  // forward optimize the nz_map`
  const int init_eob = txb_info->eob;
  const TX_CLASS tx_class = tx_type_to_class[txb_info->tx_type];
  const int eob_cost =
      get_eob_cost(init_eob, txb_eob_costs, txb_costs, tx_class);

  // backward optimize the level-k map
  int accu_rate = eob_cost;
  int64_t accu_dist = 0;
  int64_t prev_eob_rd_cost = INT64_MAX;
  int64_t cur_eob_rd_cost = 0;

  {
    const int si = init_eob - 1;
    const int coeff_idx = scan[si];
    LevelDownStats stats;
    get_dist_cost_stats(&stats, si, si == init_eob - 1, txb_costs, txb_info,
                        tx_class);
    if ((stats.rd_low < stats.rd) && (stats.low_qc != 0)) {
      update = 1;
      update_coeff(coeff_idx, stats.low_qc, txb_info);
      accu_rate += stats.rate_low;
      accu_dist += stats.dist_low;
    } else {
      accu_rate += stats.rate;
      accu_dist += stats.dist;
    }
  }

  int si = init_eob - 2;
  int8_t has_nz_tail = 0;
  // eob is not fixed
  for (; si >= 0 && has_nz_tail < 2; --si) {
    assert(si != init_eob - 1);
    const int coeff_idx = scan[si];
    tran_low_t qc = txb_info->qcoeff[coeff_idx];

    if (qc == 0) {
      const int coeff_ctx =
          get_lower_levels_ctx(txb_info->levels, coeff_idx, txb_info->bwl,
                               txb_info->tx_size, tx_class);
      accu_rate += txb_costs->base_cost[coeff_ctx][0];
    } else {
      LevelDownStats stats;
      get_dist_cost_stats_with_eob(&stats, si, txb_costs, txb_info, tx_class);
      // check if it is better to make this the last significant coefficient
      int cur_eob_rate =
          get_eob_cost(si + 1, txb_eob_costs, txb_costs, tx_class);
      cur_eob_rd_cost = RDCOST(txb_info->rdmult, cur_eob_rate, 0);
      prev_eob_rd_cost =
          RDCOST(txb_info->rdmult, accu_rate, accu_dist) + stats.nz_rd;
      if (cur_eob_rd_cost <= prev_eob_rd_cost) {
        update = 1;
        for (int j = si + 1; j < txb_info->eob; j++) {
          const int coeff_pos_j = scan[j];
          update_coeff(coeff_pos_j, 0, txb_info);
        }
        txb_info->eob = si + 1;

        // rerun cost calculation due to change of eob
        accu_rate = cur_eob_rate;
        accu_dist = 0;
        get_dist_cost_stats(&stats, si, 1, txb_costs, txb_info, tx_class);
        if ((stats.rd_low < stats.rd) && (stats.low_qc != 0)) {
          update = 1;
          update_coeff(coeff_idx, stats.low_qc, txb_info);
          accu_rate += stats.rate_low;
          accu_dist += stats.dist_low;
        } else {
          accu_rate += stats.rate;
          accu_dist += stats.dist;
        }

        // reset non zero tail when new eob is found
        has_nz_tail = 0;
      } else {
        int bUpdCoeff = 0;
        if (stats.rd_low < stats.rd) {
          if ((si < txb_info->eob - 1)) {
            bUpdCoeff = 1;
            update = 1;
          }
        } else {
          ++has_nz_tail;
        }

        if (bUpdCoeff) {
          update_coeff(coeff_idx, stats.low_qc, txb_info);
          accu_rate += stats.rate_low;
          accu_dist += stats.dist_low;
        } else {
          accu_rate += stats.rate;
          accu_dist += stats.dist;
        }
      }
    }
  }  // for (si)

  // eob is fixed
  for (; si >= 0; --si) {
    assert(si != init_eob - 1);
    const int coeff_idx = scan[si];
    tran_low_t qc = txb_info->qcoeff[coeff_idx];

    if (qc == 0) {
      const int coeff_ctx =
          get_lower_levels_ctx(txb_info->levels, coeff_idx, txb_info->bwl,
                               txb_info->tx_size, tx_class);
      accu_rate += txb_costs->base_cost[coeff_ctx][0];
    } else {
      LevelDownStats stats;
      get_dist_cost_stats(&stats, si, 0, txb_costs, txb_info, tx_class);

      int bUpdCoeff = 0;
      if (stats.rd_low < stats.rd) {
        if ((si < txb_info->eob - 1)) {
          bUpdCoeff = 1;
          update = 1;
        }
      }
      if (bUpdCoeff) {
        update_coeff(coeff_idx, stats.low_qc, txb_info);
        accu_rate += stats.rate_low;
        accu_dist += stats.dist_low;
      } else {
        accu_rate += stats.rate;
        accu_dist += stats.dist;
      }
    }
  }  // for (si)

  int non_zero_blk_rate =
      txb_costs->txb_skip_cost[txb_info->txb_ctx->txb_skip_ctx][0];
  prev_eob_rd_cost =
      RDCOST(txb_info->rdmult, accu_rate + non_zero_blk_rate, accu_dist);

  int zero_blk_rate =
      txb_costs->txb_skip_cost[txb_info->txb_ctx->txb_skip_ctx][1];
  int64_t zero_blk_rd_cost = RDCOST(txb_info->rdmult, zero_blk_rate, 0);
  if (zero_blk_rd_cost <= prev_eob_rd_cost) {
    update = 1;
    for (int j = 0; j < txb_info->eob; j++) {
      const int coeff_pos_j = scan[j];
      update_coeff(coeff_pos_j, 0, txb_info);
    }
    txb_info->eob = 0;
  }

  // record total rate cost
  *rate_cost = zero_blk_rd_cost <= prev_eob_rd_cost
                   ? zero_blk_rate
                   : accu_rate + non_zero_blk_rate;

  if (txb_info->eob > 0) {
    *rate_cost += txb_info->tx_type_cost;
  }

  return update;
}

// These numbers are empirically obtained.
static const int plane_rd_mult[REF_TYPES][PLANE_TYPES] = {
  { 17, 13 },
  { 16, 10 },
};

void hbt_init() {
  hbt_hash_table =
      aom_malloc(sizeof(OptTxbQcoeff) * HBT_TABLE_SIZE * HBT_ARRAY_LENGTH);
  memset(hbt_hash_table, 0,
         sizeof(OptTxbQcoeff) * HBT_TABLE_SIZE * HBT_ARRAY_LENGTH);
  av1_crc32c_calculator_init(&crc_calculator);  // 31 bit: qc & ctx

  hbt_needs_init = 0;
}

void hbt_destroy() { aom_free(hbt_hash_table); }

int hbt_hash_miss(uint32_t hbt_ctx_hash, uint32_t hbt_qc_hash,
                  TxbInfo *txb_info, const LV_MAP_COEFF_COST *txb_costs,
                  const LV_MAP_EOB_COST *txb_eob_costs,
                  const struct macroblock_plane *p, int block, int fast_mode,
                  int *rate_cost) {
  (void)fast_mode;
  const int16_t *scan = txb_info->scan_order->scan;
  int prev_eob = txb_info->eob;
  assert(HBT_EOB <= 16);  // Lengthen array if allowing longer eob.
  int32_t prev_coeff[16];
  for (int i = 0; i < prev_eob; i++) {
    prev_coeff[i] = txb_info->qcoeff[scan[i]];
  }
  for (int i = prev_eob; i < HBT_EOB; i++) {
    prev_coeff[i] = 0;  // For compiler piece of mind.
  }

  av1_txb_init_levels(txb_info->qcoeff, txb_info->width, txb_info->height,
                      txb_info->levels);

  const int update =
      optimize_txb(txb_info, txb_costs, txb_eob_costs, rate_cost);

  // Overwrite old entry
  uint16_t hbt_table_index = hbt_ctx_hash % HBT_TABLE_SIZE;
  uint16_t hbt_array_index = hbt_qc_hash % HBT_ARRAY_LENGTH;
  hbt_hash_table[hbt_table_index * HBT_ARRAY_LENGTH + hbt_array_index]
      .rate_cost = *rate_cost;
  hbt_hash_table[hbt_table_index * HBT_ARRAY_LENGTH + hbt_array_index].init = 1;
  hbt_hash_table[hbt_table_index * HBT_ARRAY_LENGTH + hbt_array_index]
      .hbt_qc_hash = hbt_qc_hash;
  hbt_hash_table[hbt_table_index * HBT_ARRAY_LENGTH + hbt_array_index]
      .hbt_ctx_hash = hbt_ctx_hash;
  assert(prev_eob >= txb_info->eob);  // eob can't get longer
  for (int i = 0; i < txb_info->eob; i++) {
    // Record how coeff changed. Convention: towards zero is negative.
    if (txb_info->qcoeff[scan[i]] > 0)
      hbt_hash_table[hbt_table_index * HBT_ARRAY_LENGTH + hbt_array_index]
          .deltas[i] = txb_info->qcoeff[scan[i]] - prev_coeff[i];
    else
      hbt_hash_table[hbt_table_index * HBT_ARRAY_LENGTH + hbt_array_index]
          .deltas[i] = prev_coeff[i] - txb_info->qcoeff[scan[i]];
  }
  for (int i = txb_info->eob; i < prev_eob; i++) {
    // If eob got shorter, record that all after it changed to zero.
    if (prev_coeff[i] > 0)
      hbt_hash_table[hbt_table_index * HBT_ARRAY_LENGTH + hbt_array_index]
          .deltas[i] = -prev_coeff[i];
    else
      hbt_hash_table[hbt_table_index * HBT_ARRAY_LENGTH + hbt_array_index]
          .deltas[i] = prev_coeff[i];
  }
  for (int i = prev_eob; i < HBT_EOB; i++) {
    // Record 'no change' after optimized coefficients run out.
    hbt_hash_table[hbt_table_index * HBT_ARRAY_LENGTH + hbt_array_index]
        .deltas[i] = 0;
  }

  if (update) {
    p->eobs[block] = txb_info->eob;
    p->txb_entropy_ctx[block] = av1_get_txb_entropy_context(
        txb_info->qcoeff, txb_info->scan_order, txb_info->eob);
  }
  return txb_info->eob;
}

int hbt_hash_hit(uint32_t hbt_table_index, int hbt_array_index,
                 TxbInfo *txb_info, const struct macroblock_plane *p, int block,
                 int *rate_cost) {
  const int16_t *scan = txb_info->scan_order->scan;
  int new_eob = 0;
  int update = 0;

  for (int i = 0; i < txb_info->eob; i++) {
    // Delta convention is negatives go towards zero, so only apply those ones.
    if (hbt_hash_table[hbt_table_index * HBT_ARRAY_LENGTH + hbt_array_index]
            .deltas[i] < 0) {
      if (txb_info->qcoeff[scan[i]] > 0)
        txb_info->qcoeff[scan[i]] +=
            hbt_hash_table[hbt_table_index * HBT_ARRAY_LENGTH + hbt_array_index]
                .deltas[i];
      else
        txb_info->qcoeff[scan[i]] -=
            hbt_hash_table[hbt_table_index * HBT_ARRAY_LENGTH + hbt_array_index]
                .deltas[i];

      update = 1;
      update_coeff(scan[i], txb_info->qcoeff[scan[i]], txb_info);
    }
    if (txb_info->qcoeff[scan[i]]) new_eob = i + 1;
  }

  // Rate_cost can be calculated here instead (av1_cost_coeffs_txb), but
  // it is expensive and gives little benefit as long as qc_hash is high bit
  *rate_cost =
      hbt_hash_table[hbt_table_index * HBT_ARRAY_LENGTH + hbt_array_index]
          .rate_cost;

  if (update) {
    txb_info->eob = new_eob;
    p->eobs[block] = txb_info->eob;
    p->txb_entropy_ctx[block] = av1_get_txb_entropy_context(
        txb_info->qcoeff, txb_info->scan_order, txb_info->eob);
  }

  return txb_info->eob;
}

int hbt_search_match(uint32_t hbt_ctx_hash, uint32_t hbt_qc_hash,
                     TxbInfo *txb_info, const LV_MAP_COEFF_COST *txb_costs,
                     const LV_MAP_EOB_COST *txb_eob_costs,
                     const struct macroblock_plane *p, int block, int fast_mode,
                     int *rate_cost) {
  // Check for qcoeff match
  int hbt_array_index = hbt_qc_hash % HBT_ARRAY_LENGTH;
  int hbt_table_index = hbt_ctx_hash % HBT_TABLE_SIZE;

  if (hbt_hash_table[hbt_table_index * HBT_ARRAY_LENGTH + hbt_array_index]
              .hbt_qc_hash == hbt_qc_hash &&
      hbt_hash_table[hbt_table_index * HBT_ARRAY_LENGTH + hbt_array_index]
              .hbt_ctx_hash == hbt_ctx_hash &&
      hbt_hash_table[hbt_table_index * HBT_ARRAY_LENGTH + hbt_array_index]
          .init) {
    return hbt_hash_hit(hbt_table_index, hbt_array_index, txb_info, p, block,
                        rate_cost);
  } else {
    return hbt_hash_miss(hbt_ctx_hash, hbt_qc_hash, txb_info, txb_costs,
                         txb_eob_costs, p, block, fast_mode, rate_cost);
  }
}

int hbt_create_hashes(TxbInfo *txb_info, const LV_MAP_COEFF_COST *txb_costs,
                      const LV_MAP_EOB_COST *txb_eob_costs,
                      const struct macroblock_plane *p, int block,
                      int fast_mode, int *rate_cost) {
  // Initialize hash table if needed.
  if (hbt_needs_init) {
    hbt_init();
  }

  //// Hash creation
  uint8_t txb_hash_data[256];  // Asserts below to ensure enough space.
  const int16_t *scan = txb_info->scan_order->scan;
  uint8_t chunk = 0;
  int hash_data_index = 0;

  // Make qc_hash.
  int packing_index = 0;  // needed for packing.
  for (int i = 0; i < txb_info->eob; i++) {
    tran_low_t prechunk = txb_info->qcoeff[scan[i]];

    // Softening: Improves speed. Aligns with signed deltas.
    if (prechunk < 0) prechunk *= -1;

    // Early kick out: Don't apply feature if there are large coeffs:
    // If this kickout value is removed or raised beyond int8_t,
    // widen deltas type in OptTxbQcoeff struct.
    assert((int8_t)HBT_KICKOUT == HBT_KICKOUT);  // If not, widen types.
    if (prechunk > HBT_KICKOUT) {
      av1_txb_init_levels(txb_info->qcoeff, txb_info->width, txb_info->height,
                          txb_info->levels);

      const int update =
          optimize_txb(txb_info, txb_costs, txb_eob_costs, rate_cost);

      if (update) {
        p->eobs[block] = txb_info->eob;
        p->txb_entropy_ctx[block] = av1_get_txb_entropy_context(
            txb_info->qcoeff, txb_info->scan_order, txb_info->eob);
      }
      return txb_info->eob;
    }

    // Since coeffs are 0 to 3, only 2 bits are needed: pack into bytes
    if (packing_index == 0) txb_hash_data[hash_data_index] = 0;
    chunk = prechunk << packing_index;
    packing_index += 2;
    txb_hash_data[hash_data_index] |= chunk;

    // Full byte:
    if (packing_index == 8) {
      packing_index = 0;
      hash_data_index++;
    }
  }
  // Needed when packing_index != 0, to include final byte.
  hash_data_index++;
  assert(hash_data_index <= 64);
  // 31 bit qc_hash: index to array
  uint32_t hbt_qc_hash =
      av1_get_crc32c_value(&crc_calculator, txb_hash_data, hash_data_index);

  // Make ctx_hash.
  hash_data_index = 0;
  tran_low_t prechunk;

  for (int i = 0; i < txb_info->eob; i++) {
    // Save as magnitudes towards or away from zero.
    if (txb_info->tcoeff[scan[i]] >= 0)
      prechunk = txb_info->tcoeff[scan[i]] - txb_info->dqcoeff[scan[i]];
    else
      prechunk = txb_info->dqcoeff[scan[i]] - txb_info->tcoeff[scan[i]];

    chunk = prechunk & 0xff;
    txb_hash_data[hash_data_index++] = chunk;
  }

  // Extra ctx data:
  // Include dequants.
  txb_hash_data[hash_data_index++] = txb_info->dequant[0] & 0xff;
  txb_hash_data[hash_data_index++] = txb_info->dequant[1] & 0xff;
  chunk = txb_info->txb_ctx->txb_skip_ctx & 0xff;
  txb_hash_data[hash_data_index++] = chunk;
  chunk = txb_info->txb_ctx->dc_sign_ctx & 0xff;
  txb_hash_data[hash_data_index++] = chunk;
  // eob
  chunk = txb_info->eob & 0xff;
  txb_hash_data[hash_data_index++] = chunk;
  // rdmult (int64)
  chunk = txb_info->rdmult & 0xff;
  txb_hash_data[hash_data_index++] = chunk;
  // tx_type
  chunk = txb_info->tx_type & 0xff;
  txb_hash_data[hash_data_index++] = chunk;
  // base_eob_cost
  for (int i = 1; i < 3; i++) {  // i = 0 are softened away
    for (int j = 0; j < SIG_COEF_CONTEXTS_EOB; j++) {
      chunk = (txb_costs->base_eob_cost[j][i] & 0xff00) >> 8;
      txb_hash_data[hash_data_index++] = chunk;
    }
  }
  // eob_cost
  for (int i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
    for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++) {
      chunk = (txb_eob_costs->eob_cost[j][i] & 0xff00) >> 8;
      txb_hash_data[hash_data_index++] = chunk;
    }
  }
  // dc_sign_cost
  for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
    for (int j = 0; j < DC_SIGN_CONTEXTS; j++) {
      chunk = (txb_costs->dc_sign_cost[j][i] & 0xff00) >> 8;
      txb_hash_data[hash_data_index++] = chunk;
    }
  }

  assert(hash_data_index <= 256);
  // 31 bit ctx_hash: used to index table
  uint32_t hbt_ctx_hash =
      av1_get_crc32c_value(&crc_calculator, txb_hash_data, hash_data_index);
  //// End hash creation

  return hbt_search_match(hbt_ctx_hash, hbt_qc_hash, txb_info, txb_costs,
                          txb_eob_costs, p, block, fast_mode, rate_cost);
}

static AOM_FORCE_INLINE int get_coeff_cost_simple(
    int ci, tran_low_t abs_qc, int coeff_ctx,
    const LV_MAP_COEFF_COST *txb_costs, int bwl, TX_CLASS tx_class,
    const uint8_t *levels) {
  // this simple version assumes the coeff's scan_idx is not DC (scan_idx != 0)
  // and not the last (scan_idx != eob - 1)
  assert(ci > 0);
  int cost = txb_costs->base_cost[coeff_ctx][AOMMIN(abs_qc, 3)];
  if (abs_qc) {
    cost += av1_cost_literal(1);
    if (abs_qc > NUM_BASE_LEVELS) {
      const int br_ctx = get_br_ctx(levels, ci, bwl, tx_class);
      cost += get_br_cost(abs_qc, br_ctx, txb_costs->lps_cost[br_ctx]);
      cost += get_golomb_cost(abs_qc);
    }
  }
  return cost;
}

static INLINE int get_coeff_cost_general(int is_last, int ci, tran_low_t abs_qc,
                                         int sign, int coeff_ctx,
                                         int dc_sign_ctx,
                                         const LV_MAP_COEFF_COST *txb_costs,
                                         int bwl, TX_CLASS tx_class,
                                         const uint8_t *levels) {
  int cost = 0;
  if (is_last) {
    cost += txb_costs->base_eob_cost[coeff_ctx][AOMMIN(abs_qc, 3) - 1];
  } else {
    cost += txb_costs->base_cost[coeff_ctx][AOMMIN(abs_qc, 3)];
  }
  if (abs_qc != 0) {
    if (ci == 0) {
      cost += txb_costs->dc_sign_cost[dc_sign_ctx][sign];
    } else {
      cost += av1_cost_literal(1);
    }
    if (abs_qc > NUM_BASE_LEVELS) {
      const int br_ctx = get_br_ctx(levels, ci, bwl, tx_class);
      cost += get_br_cost(abs_qc, br_ctx, txb_costs->lps_cost[br_ctx]);
      cost += get_golomb_cost(abs_qc);
    }
  }
  return cost;
}

static INLINE void get_qc_dqc_low(tran_low_t abs_qc, int sign, int dqv,
                                  int shift, tran_low_t *qc_low,
                                  tran_low_t *dqc_low) {
  tran_low_t abs_qc_low = abs_qc - 1;
  *qc_low = (-sign ^ abs_qc_low) + sign;
  assert((sign ? -abs_qc_low : abs_qc_low) == *qc_low);
  tran_low_t abs_dqc_low = (abs_qc_low * dqv) >> shift;
  *dqc_low = (-sign ^ abs_dqc_low) + sign;
  assert((sign ? -abs_dqc_low : abs_dqc_low) == *dqc_low);
}

static INLINE void update_coeff_general(
    int *accu_rate, int64_t *accu_dist, int si, int eob, TX_SIZE tx_size,
    TX_CLASS tx_class, int bwl, int height, int64_t rdmult, int shift,
    int dc_sign_ctx, const int16_t *dequant, const int16_t *scan,
    const LV_MAP_COEFF_COST *txb_costs, const tran_low_t *tcoeff,
    tran_low_t *qcoeff, tran_low_t *dqcoeff, uint8_t *levels) {
  const int dqv = dequant[si != 0];
  const int ci = scan[si];
  const tran_low_t qc = qcoeff[ci];
  const int is_last = si == (eob - 1);
  const int coeff_ctx = get_lower_levels_ctx_general(
      is_last, si, bwl, height, levels, ci, tx_size, tx_class);
  if (qc == 0) {
    *accu_rate += txb_costs->base_cost[coeff_ctx][0];
  } else {
    const int sign = (qc < 0) ? 1 : 0;
    const tran_low_t abs_qc = abs(qc);
    const tran_low_t tqc = tcoeff[ci];
    const tran_low_t dqc = dqcoeff[ci];
    const int64_t dist = get_coeff_dist(tqc, dqc, shift);
    const int64_t dist0 = get_coeff_dist(tqc, 0, shift);
    const int rate =
        get_coeff_cost_general(is_last, ci, abs_qc, sign, coeff_ctx,
                               dc_sign_ctx, txb_costs, bwl, tx_class, levels);
    const int64_t rd = RDCOST(rdmult, rate, dist);

    tran_low_t qc_low, dqc_low;
    get_qc_dqc_low(abs_qc, sign, dqv, shift, &qc_low, &dqc_low);
    const tran_low_t abs_qc_low = abs_qc - 1;
    const int64_t dist_low = get_coeff_dist(tqc, dqc_low, shift);
    const int rate_low =
        get_coeff_cost_general(is_last, ci, abs_qc_low, sign, coeff_ctx,
                               dc_sign_ctx, txb_costs, bwl, tx_class, levels);
    const int64_t rd_low = RDCOST(rdmult, rate_low, dist_low);
    if (rd_low < rd) {
      qcoeff[ci] = qc_low;
      dqcoeff[ci] = dqc_low;
      levels[get_padded_idx(ci, bwl)] = AOMMIN(abs_qc_low, INT8_MAX);
      *accu_rate += rate_low;
      *accu_dist += dist_low - dist0;
    } else {
      *accu_rate += rate;
      *accu_dist += dist - dist0;
    }
  }
}

static AOM_FORCE_INLINE void update_coeff_simple(
    int *accu_rate, int si, int eob, TX_SIZE tx_size, TX_CLASS tx_class,
    int bwl, int64_t rdmult, int shift, const int16_t *dequant,
    const int16_t *scan, const LV_MAP_COEFF_COST *txb_costs,
    const tran_low_t *tcoeff, tran_low_t *qcoeff, tran_low_t *dqcoeff,
    uint8_t *levels) {
  const int dqv = dequant[1];
  (void)eob;
  // this simple version assumes the coeff's scan_idx is not DC (scan_idx != 0)
  // and not the last (scan_idx != eob - 1)
  assert(si != eob - 1);
  assert(si > 0);
  const int ci = scan[si];
  const tran_low_t qc = qcoeff[ci];
  const int coeff_ctx =
      get_lower_levels_ctx(levels, ci, bwl, tx_size, tx_class);
  if (qc == 0) {
    *accu_rate += txb_costs->base_cost[coeff_ctx][0];
  } else {
    const tran_low_t abs_qc = abs(qc);
    const tran_low_t tqc = tcoeff[ci];
    const tran_low_t dqc = dqcoeff[ci];
    const int rate = get_coeff_cost_simple(ci, abs_qc, coeff_ctx, txb_costs,
                                           bwl, tx_class, levels);
    if (abs(dqc) < abs(tqc)) {
      *accu_rate += rate;
      return;
    }
    const int64_t dist = get_coeff_dist(tqc, dqc, shift);
    const int64_t rd = RDCOST(rdmult, rate, dist);

    const int sign = (qc < 0) ? 1 : 0;
    tran_low_t qc_low, dqc_low;
    get_qc_dqc_low(abs_qc, sign, dqv, shift, &qc_low, &dqc_low);
    const tran_low_t abs_qc_low = abs_qc - 1;
    const int64_t dist_low = get_coeff_dist(tqc, dqc_low, shift);
    const int rate_low = get_coeff_cost_simple(
        ci, abs_qc_low, coeff_ctx, txb_costs, bwl, tx_class, levels);
    const int64_t rd_low = RDCOST(rdmult, rate_low, dist_low);
    if (rd_low < rd) {
      qcoeff[ci] = qc_low;
      dqcoeff[ci] = dqc_low;
      levels[get_padded_idx(ci, bwl)] = AOMMIN(abs_qc_low, INT8_MAX);
      *accu_rate += rate_low;
    } else {
      *accu_rate += rate;
    }
  }
}

static AOM_FORCE_INLINE void update_coeff_eob(
    int *accu_rate, int64_t *accu_dist, int *eob, int *nz_num, int *nz_ci,
    int si, TX_SIZE tx_size, TX_CLASS tx_class, int bwl, int height,
    int dc_sign_ctx, int64_t rdmult, int shift, const int16_t *dequant,
    const int16_t *scan, const LV_MAP_EOB_COST *txb_eob_costs,
    const LV_MAP_COEFF_COST *txb_costs, const tran_low_t *tcoeff,
    tran_low_t *qcoeff, tran_low_t *dqcoeff, uint8_t *levels, int sharpness) {
  const int dqv = dequant[si != 0];
  assert(si != *eob - 1);
  const int ci = scan[si];
  const tran_low_t qc = qcoeff[ci];
  const int coeff_ctx =
      get_lower_levels_ctx(levels, ci, bwl, tx_size, tx_class);
  if (qc == 0) {
    *accu_rate += txb_costs->base_cost[coeff_ctx][0];
  } else {
    int lower_level = 0;
    const tran_low_t abs_qc = abs(qc);
    const tran_low_t tqc = tcoeff[ci];
    const tran_low_t dqc = dqcoeff[ci];
    const int sign = (qc < 0) ? 1 : 0;
    const int64_t dist0 = get_coeff_dist(tqc, 0, shift);
    int64_t dist = get_coeff_dist(tqc, dqc, shift) - dist0;
    int rate =
        get_coeff_cost_general(0, ci, abs_qc, sign, coeff_ctx, dc_sign_ctx,
                               txb_costs, bwl, tx_class, levels);
    int64_t rd = RDCOST(rdmult, *accu_rate + rate, *accu_dist + dist);

    tran_low_t qc_low, dqc_low;
    get_qc_dqc_low(abs_qc, sign, dqv, shift, &qc_low, &dqc_low);
    const tran_low_t abs_qc_low = abs_qc - 1;
    const int64_t dist_low = get_coeff_dist(tqc, dqc_low, shift) - dist0;
    const int rate_low =
        get_coeff_cost_general(0, ci, abs_qc_low, sign, coeff_ctx, dc_sign_ctx,
                               txb_costs, bwl, tx_class, levels);
    const int64_t rd_low =
        RDCOST(rdmult, *accu_rate + rate_low, *accu_dist + dist_low);

    int lower_level_new_eob = 0;
    const int new_eob = si + 1;
    uint8_t tmp_levels[3];
    for (int ni = 0; ni < *nz_num; ++ni) {
      const int last_ci = nz_ci[ni];
      tmp_levels[ni] = levels[get_padded_idx(last_ci, bwl)];
      levels[get_padded_idx(last_ci, bwl)] = 0;
    }

    const int coeff_ctx_new_eob = get_lower_levels_ctx_general(
        1, si, bwl, height, levels, ci, tx_size, tx_class);
    const int new_eob_cost =
        get_eob_cost(new_eob, txb_eob_costs, txb_costs, tx_class);
    int rate_coeff_eob =
        new_eob_cost + get_coeff_cost_general(1, ci, abs_qc, sign,
                                              coeff_ctx_new_eob, dc_sign_ctx,
                                              txb_costs, bwl, tx_class, levels);
    int64_t dist_new_eob = dist;
    int64_t rd_new_eob = RDCOST(rdmult, rate_coeff_eob, dist_new_eob);

    if (abs_qc_low > 0) {
      const int rate_coeff_eob_low =
          new_eob_cost +
          get_coeff_cost_general(1, ci, abs_qc_low, sign, coeff_ctx_new_eob,
                                 dc_sign_ctx, txb_costs, bwl, tx_class, levels);
      const int64_t dist_new_eob_low = dist_low;
      const int64_t rd_new_eob_low =
          RDCOST(rdmult, rate_coeff_eob_low, dist_new_eob_low);
      if (rd_new_eob_low < rd_new_eob) {
        lower_level_new_eob = 1;
        rd_new_eob = rd_new_eob_low;
        rate_coeff_eob = rate_coeff_eob_low;
        dist_new_eob = dist_new_eob_low;
      }
    }

    if (rd_low < rd) {
      lower_level = 1;
      rd = rd_low;
      rate = rate_low;
      dist = dist_low;
    }

    if (sharpness == 0 && rd_new_eob < rd) {
      for (int ni = 0; ni < *nz_num; ++ni) {
        int last_ci = nz_ci[ni];
        // levels[get_padded_idx(last_ci, bwl)] = 0;
        qcoeff[last_ci] = 0;
        dqcoeff[last_ci] = 0;
      }
      *eob = new_eob;
      *nz_num = 0;
      *accu_rate = rate_coeff_eob;
      *accu_dist = dist_new_eob;
      lower_level = lower_level_new_eob;
    } else {
      for (int ni = 0; ni < *nz_num; ++ni) {
        const int last_ci = nz_ci[ni];
        levels[get_padded_idx(last_ci, bwl)] = tmp_levels[ni];
      }
      *accu_rate += rate;
      *accu_dist += dist;
    }

    if (lower_level) {
      qcoeff[ci] = qc_low;
      dqcoeff[ci] = dqc_low;
      levels[get_padded_idx(ci, bwl)] = AOMMIN(abs_qc_low, INT8_MAX);
    }
    if (qcoeff[ci]) {
      nz_ci[*nz_num] = ci;
      ++*nz_num;
    }
  }
}

static INLINE void update_skip(int *accu_rate, int64_t accu_dist, int *eob,
                               int nz_num, int *nz_ci, int64_t rdmult,
                               int skip_cost, int non_skip_cost,
                               tran_low_t *qcoeff, tran_low_t *dqcoeff,
                               int sharpness) {
  const int64_t rd = RDCOST(rdmult, *accu_rate + non_skip_cost, accu_dist);
  const int64_t rd_new_eob = RDCOST(rdmult, skip_cost, 0);
  if (sharpness == 0 && rd_new_eob < rd) {
    for (int i = 0; i < nz_num; ++i) {
      const int ci = nz_ci[i];
      qcoeff[ci] = 0;
      dqcoeff[ci] = 0;
      // no need to set up levels because this is the last step
      // levels[get_padded_idx(ci, bwl)] = 0;
    }
    *accu_rate = 0;
    *eob = 0;
  }
}

int av1_optimize_txb_new(const struct AV1_COMP *cpi, MACROBLOCK *x, int plane,
                         int block, TX_SIZE tx_size, TX_TYPE tx_type,
                         const TXB_CTX *const txb_ctx, int *rate_cost,
                         int sharpness) {
  const AV1_COMMON *cm = &cpi->common;
  MACROBLOCKD *xd = &x->e_mbd;
  const PLANE_TYPE plane_type = get_plane_type(plane);
  const TX_SIZE txs_ctx = get_txsize_entropy_ctx(tx_size);
  const TX_CLASS tx_class = tx_type_to_class[tx_type];
  const MB_MODE_INFO *mbmi = xd->mi[0];
  const struct macroblock_plane *p = &x->plane[plane];
  struct macroblockd_plane *pd = &xd->plane[plane];
  tran_low_t *qcoeff = BLOCK_OFFSET(p->qcoeff, block);
  tran_low_t *dqcoeff = BLOCK_OFFSET(pd->dqcoeff, block);
  const tran_low_t *tcoeff = BLOCK_OFFSET(p->coeff, block);
  const int16_t *dequant = p->dequant_QTX;
  const int bwl = get_txb_bwl(tx_size);
  const int width = get_txb_wide(tx_size);
  const int height = get_txb_high(tx_size);
  assert(width == (1 << bwl));
  const int is_inter = is_inter_block(mbmi);
  const SCAN_ORDER *scan_order = get_scan(tx_size, tx_type);
  const int16_t *scan = scan_order->scan;
  const LV_MAP_COEFF_COST *txb_costs = &x->coeff_costs[txs_ctx][plane_type];
  const int eob_multi_size = txsize_log2_minus4[tx_size];
  const LV_MAP_EOB_COST *txb_eob_costs =
      &x->eob_costs[eob_multi_size][plane_type];

  const int shift = av1_get_tx_scale(tx_size);
  const int64_t rdmult =
      ((x->rdmult * plane_rd_mult[is_inter][plane_type] << (2 * (xd->bd - 8))) +
       2) >>
      (sharpness +
       (cpi->oxcf.aq_mode == VARIANCE_AQ && mbmi->segment_id < 4
            ? 7 - mbmi->segment_id
            : 2) +
       (cpi->oxcf.aq_mode != VARIANCE_AQ &&
                cpi->oxcf.deltaq_mode > NO_DELTA_Q && x->sb_energy_level < 0
            ? (3 - x->sb_energy_level)
            : 0));

  uint8_t levels_buf[TX_PAD_2D];
  uint8_t *const levels = set_levels(levels_buf, width);

  av1_txb_init_levels(qcoeff, width, height, levels);

  // TODO(angirbird): check iqmatrix

  const int non_skip_cost = txb_costs->txb_skip_cost[txb_ctx->txb_skip_ctx][0];
  const int skip_cost = txb_costs->txb_skip_cost[txb_ctx->txb_skip_ctx][1];
  int eob = p->eobs[block];
  const int eob_cost = get_eob_cost(eob, txb_eob_costs, txb_costs, tx_class);
  int accu_rate = eob_cost;
  int64_t accu_dist = 0;
  int si = eob - 1;
  const int ci = scan[si];
  const tran_low_t qc = qcoeff[ci];
  const tran_low_t abs_qc = abs(qc);
  const int sign = qc < 0;
  const int max_nz_num = 2;
  int nz_num = 1;
  int nz_ci[3] = { ci, 0, 0 };
  if (abs_qc >= 2) {
    update_coeff_general(&accu_rate, &accu_dist, si, eob, tx_size, tx_class,
                         bwl, height, rdmult, shift, txb_ctx->dc_sign_ctx,
                         dequant, scan, txb_costs, tcoeff, qcoeff, dqcoeff,
                         levels);
    --si;
  } else {
    assert(abs_qc == 1);
    const int coeff_ctx = get_lower_levels_ctx_general(
        1, si, bwl, height, levels, ci, tx_size, tx_class);
    accu_rate += get_coeff_cost_general(1, ci, abs_qc, sign, coeff_ctx,
                                        txb_ctx->dc_sign_ctx, txb_costs, bwl,
                                        tx_class, levels);
    const tran_low_t tqc = tcoeff[ci];
    const tran_low_t dqc = dqcoeff[ci];
    const int64_t dist = get_coeff_dist(tqc, dqc, shift);
    const int64_t dist0 = get_coeff_dist(tqc, 0, shift);
    accu_dist += dist - dist0;
    --si;
  }

#define UPDATE_COEFF_EOB_CASE(tx_class_literal)                            \
  case tx_class_literal:                                                   \
    for (; si >= 0 && nz_num <= max_nz_num; --si) {                        \
      update_coeff_eob(&accu_rate, &accu_dist, &eob, &nz_num, nz_ci, si,   \
                       tx_size, tx_class_literal, bwl, height,             \
                       txb_ctx->dc_sign_ctx, rdmult, shift, dequant, scan, \
                       txb_eob_costs, txb_costs, tcoeff, qcoeff, dqcoeff,  \
                       levels, sharpness);                                 \
    }                                                                      \
    break;
  switch (tx_class) {
    UPDATE_COEFF_EOB_CASE(TX_CLASS_2D);
    UPDATE_COEFF_EOB_CASE(TX_CLASS_HORIZ);
    UPDATE_COEFF_EOB_CASE(TX_CLASS_VERT);
#undef UPDATE_COEFF_EOB_CASE
    default: assert(false);
  }

  if (si == -1 && nz_num <= max_nz_num) {
    update_skip(&accu_rate, accu_dist, &eob, nz_num, nz_ci, rdmult, skip_cost,
                non_skip_cost, qcoeff, dqcoeff, sharpness);
  }

#define UPDATE_COEFF_SIMPLE_CASE(tx_class_literal)                             \
  case tx_class_literal:                                                       \
    for (; si >= 1; --si) {                                                    \
      update_coeff_simple(&accu_rate, si, eob, tx_size, tx_class_literal, bwl, \
                          rdmult, shift, dequant, scan, txb_costs, tcoeff,     \
                          qcoeff, dqcoeff, levels);                            \
    }                                                                          \
    break;
  switch (tx_class) {
    UPDATE_COEFF_SIMPLE_CASE(TX_CLASS_2D);
    UPDATE_COEFF_SIMPLE_CASE(TX_CLASS_HORIZ);
    UPDATE_COEFF_SIMPLE_CASE(TX_CLASS_VERT);
#undef UPDATE_COEFF_SIMPLE_CASE
    default: assert(false);
  }

  // DC position
  if (si == 0) {
    // no need to update accu_dist because it's not used after this point
    int64_t dummy_dist = 0;
    update_coeff_general(&accu_rate, &dummy_dist, si, eob, tx_size, tx_class,
                         bwl, height, rdmult, shift, txb_ctx->dc_sign_ctx,
                         dequant, scan, txb_costs, tcoeff, qcoeff, dqcoeff,
                         levels);
  }

  const int tx_type_cost = get_tx_type_cost(cm, x, xd, plane, tx_size, tx_type);
  if (eob == 0)
    accu_rate += skip_cost;
  else
    accu_rate += non_skip_cost + tx_type_cost;

  p->eobs[block] = eob;
  p->txb_entropy_ctx[block] =
      av1_get_txb_entropy_context(qcoeff, scan_order, p->eobs[block]);

  *rate_cost = accu_rate;
  return eob;
}

// This function is deprecated, but we keep it here because hash trellis
// is not integrated with av1_optimize_txb_new yet
int av1_optimize_txb(const struct AV1_COMP *cpi, MACROBLOCK *x, int plane,
                     int blk_row, int blk_col, int block, TX_SIZE tx_size,
                     TXB_CTX *txb_ctx, int fast_mode, int *rate_cost) {
  const AV1_COMMON *cm = &cpi->common;
  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
  const PLANE_TYPE plane_type = get_plane_type(plane);
  const TX_SIZE txs_ctx = get_txsize_entropy_ctx(tx_size);
  const TX_TYPE tx_type = av1_get_tx_type(plane_type, xd, blk_row, blk_col,
                                          tx_size, cm->reduced_tx_set_used);
  const MB_MODE_INFO *mbmi = xd->mi[0];
  const struct macroblock_plane *p = &x->plane[plane];
  struct macroblockd_plane *pd = &xd->plane[plane];
  const int eob = p->eobs[block];
  tran_low_t *qcoeff = BLOCK_OFFSET(p->qcoeff, block);
  tran_low_t *dqcoeff = BLOCK_OFFSET(pd->dqcoeff, block);
  const tran_low_t *tcoeff = BLOCK_OFFSET(p->coeff, block);
  const int16_t *dequant = p->dequant_QTX;
  const int seg_eob = av1_get_max_eob(tx_size);
  const int bwl = get_txb_bwl(tx_size);
  const int width = get_txb_wide(tx_size);
  const int height = get_txb_high(tx_size);
  const int is_inter = is_inter_block(mbmi);
  const SCAN_ORDER *const scan_order = get_scan(tx_size, tx_type);
  const LV_MAP_COEFF_COST *txb_costs = &x->coeff_costs[txs_ctx][plane_type];
  const int eob_multi_size = txsize_log2_minus4[tx_size];
  const LV_MAP_EOB_COST txb_eob_costs =
      x->eob_costs[eob_multi_size][plane_type];

  const int shift = av1_get_tx_scale(tx_size);
  const int64_t rdmult =
      ((x->rdmult * plane_rd_mult[is_inter][plane_type] << (2 * (xd->bd - 8))) +
       2) >>
      2;
  uint8_t levels_buf[TX_PAD_2D];
  uint8_t *const levels = set_levels(levels_buf, width);
  const TX_SIZE qm_tx_size = av1_get_adjusted_tx_size(tx_size);
  const qm_val_t *iqmatrix =
      IS_2D_TRANSFORM(tx_type)
          ? pd->seg_iqmatrix[mbmi->segment_id][qm_tx_size]
          : cm->giqmatrix[NUM_QM_LEVELS - 1][0][qm_tx_size];
  assert(width == (1 << bwl));
  const int tx_type_cost = get_tx_type_cost(cm, x, xd, plane, tx_size, tx_type);
  TxbInfo txb_info = {
    qcoeff,   levels,       dqcoeff,    tcoeff,  dequant, shift,
    tx_size,  txs_ctx,      tx_type,    bwl,     width,   height,
    eob,      seg_eob,      scan_order, txb_ctx, rdmult,  &cm->coeff_ctx_table,
    iqmatrix, tx_type_cost,
  };

  // Hash based trellis (hbt) speed feature: avoid expensive optimize_txb calls
  // by storing the coefficient deltas in a hash table.
  // Currently disabled in speedfeatures.c
  if (eob <= HBT_EOB && eob > 0 && cpi->sf.use_hash_based_trellis) {
    return hbt_create_hashes(&txb_info, txb_costs, &txb_eob_costs, p, block,
                             fast_mode, rate_cost);
  }

  av1_txb_init_levels(qcoeff, width, height, levels);

  const int update =
      optimize_txb(&txb_info, txb_costs, &txb_eob_costs, rate_cost);

  if (update) {
    p->eobs[block] = txb_info.eob;
    p->txb_entropy_ctx[block] =
        av1_get_txb_entropy_context(qcoeff, scan_order, txb_info.eob);
  }
  return txb_info.eob;
}

int av1_get_txb_entropy_context(const tran_low_t *qcoeff,
                                const SCAN_ORDER *scan_order, int eob) {
  const int16_t *const scan = scan_order->scan;
  int cul_level = 0;
  int c;

  if (eob == 0) return 0;
  for (c = 0; c < eob; ++c) {
    cul_level += abs(qcoeff[scan[c]]);
    if (cul_level > COEFF_CONTEXT_MASK) break;
  }

  cul_level = AOMMIN(COEFF_CONTEXT_MASK, cul_level);
  set_dc_sign(&cul_level, qcoeff[0]);

  return cul_level;
}

void av1_update_txb_context_b(int plane, int block, int blk_row, int blk_col,
                              BLOCK_SIZE plane_bsize, TX_SIZE tx_size,
                              void *arg) {
  struct tokenize_b_args *const args = arg;
  const AV1_COMP *cpi = args->cpi;
  const AV1_COMMON *cm = &cpi->common;
  ThreadData *const td = args->td;
  MACROBLOCK *const x = &td->mb;
  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
  struct macroblock_plane *p = &x->plane[plane];
  struct macroblockd_plane *pd = &xd->plane[plane];
  const uint16_t eob = p->eobs[block];
  const tran_low_t *qcoeff = BLOCK_OFFSET(p->qcoeff, block);
  const PLANE_TYPE plane_type = pd->plane_type;
  const TX_TYPE tx_type = av1_get_tx_type(plane_type, xd, blk_row, blk_col,
                                          tx_size, cm->reduced_tx_set_used);
  const SCAN_ORDER *const scan_order = get_scan(tx_size, tx_type);
  const int cul_level = av1_get_txb_entropy_context(qcoeff, scan_order, eob);
  av1_set_contexts(xd, pd, plane, plane_bsize, tx_size, cul_level, blk_col,
                   blk_row);
}

static void update_tx_type_count(const AV1_COMMON *cm, MACROBLOCKD *xd,
                                 int blk_row, int blk_col, int plane,
                                 TX_SIZE tx_size, FRAME_COUNTS *counts,
                                 uint8_t allow_update_cdf) {
  MB_MODE_INFO *mbmi = xd->mi[0];
  int is_inter = is_inter_block(mbmi);
  FRAME_CONTEXT *fc = xd->tile_ctx;
#if !CONFIG_ENTROPY_STATS
  (void)counts;
#endif  // !CONFIG_ENTROPY_STATS

  // Only y plane's tx_type is updated
  if (plane > 0) return;
  TX_TYPE tx_type = av1_get_tx_type(PLANE_TYPE_Y, xd, blk_row, blk_col, tx_size,
                                    cm->reduced_tx_set_used);
  if (get_ext_tx_types(tx_size, is_inter, cm->reduced_tx_set_used) > 1 &&
      cm->base_qindex > 0 && !mbmi->skip &&
      !segfeature_active(&cm->seg, mbmi->segment_id, SEG_LVL_SKIP)) {
    const int eset = get_ext_tx_set(tx_size, is_inter, cm->reduced_tx_set_used);
    if (eset > 0) {
      const TxSetType tx_set_type =
          av1_get_ext_tx_set_type(tx_size, is_inter, cm->reduced_tx_set_used);
      if (is_inter) {
        if (allow_update_cdf) {
          update_cdf(fc->inter_ext_tx_cdf[eset][txsize_sqr_map[tx_size]],
                     av1_ext_tx_ind[tx_set_type][tx_type],
                     av1_num_ext_tx_set[tx_set_type]);
        }
#if CONFIG_ENTROPY_STATS
        ++counts->inter_ext_tx[eset][txsize_sqr_map[tx_size]]
                              [av1_ext_tx_ind[tx_set_type][tx_type]];
#endif  // CONFIG_ENTROPY_STATS
      } else {
        PREDICTION_MODE intra_dir;
        if (mbmi->filter_intra_mode_info.use_filter_intra)
          intra_dir = fimode_to_intradir[mbmi->filter_intra_mode_info
                                             .filter_intra_mode];
        else
          intra_dir = mbmi->mode;
#if CONFIG_ENTROPY_STATS
        ++counts->intra_ext_tx[eset][txsize_sqr_map[tx_size]][intra_dir]
                              [av1_ext_tx_ind[tx_set_type][tx_type]];
#endif  // CONFIG_ENTROPY_STATS
        if (allow_update_cdf) {
          update_cdf(
              fc->intra_ext_tx_cdf[eset][txsize_sqr_map[tx_size]][intra_dir],
              av1_ext_tx_ind[tx_set_type][tx_type],
              av1_num_ext_tx_set[tx_set_type]);
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

void av1_update_and_record_txb_context(int plane, int block, int blk_row,
                                       int blk_col, BLOCK_SIZE plane_bsize,
                                       TX_SIZE tx_size, void *arg) {
  struct tokenize_b_args *const args = arg;
  const AV1_COMP *cpi = args->cpi;
  const AV1_COMMON *cm = &cpi->common;
  ThreadData *const td = args->td;
  MACROBLOCK *const x = &td->mb;
  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
  struct macroblock_plane *p = &x->plane[plane];
  struct macroblockd_plane *pd = &xd->plane[plane];
  MB_MODE_INFO *mbmi = xd->mi[0];
  const int eob = p->eobs[block];
  TXB_CTX txb_ctx;
  get_txb_ctx(plane_bsize, tx_size, plane, pd->above_context + blk_col,
              pd->left_context + blk_row, &txb_ctx);
  const int bwl = get_txb_bwl(tx_size);
  const int width = get_txb_wide(tx_size);
  const int height = get_txb_high(tx_size);
  const uint8_t allow_update_cdf = args->allow_update_cdf;
  const TX_SIZE txsize_ctx = get_txsize_entropy_ctx(tx_size);
  FRAME_CONTEXT *ec_ctx = xd->tile_ctx;
#if CONFIG_ENTROPY_STATS
  int cdf_idx = cm->coef_cdf_category;
#endif  // CONFIG_ENTROPY_STATS

#if CONFIG_ENTROPY_STATS
  ++td->counts->txb_skip[cdf_idx][txsize_ctx][txb_ctx.txb_skip_ctx][eob == 0];
#endif  // CONFIG_ENTROPY_STATS
  if (allow_update_cdf) {
    update_cdf(ec_ctx->txb_skip_cdf[txsize_ctx][txb_ctx.txb_skip_ctx], eob == 0,
               2);
  }

  x->mbmi_ext->txb_skip_ctx[plane][block] = txb_ctx.txb_skip_ctx;
  x->mbmi_ext->eobs[plane][block] = eob;

  if (eob == 0) {
    av1_set_contexts(xd, pd, plane, plane_bsize, tx_size, 0, blk_col, blk_row);
    return;
  }

  tran_low_t *tcoeff = BLOCK_OFFSET(x->mbmi_ext->tcoeff[plane], block);
  const int segment_id = mbmi->segment_id;
  const int seg_eob = av1_get_tx_eob(&cpi->common.seg, segment_id, tx_size);
  const tran_low_t *qcoeff = BLOCK_OFFSET(p->qcoeff, block);
  memcpy(tcoeff, qcoeff, sizeof(*tcoeff) * seg_eob);

  uint8_t levels_buf[TX_PAD_2D];
  uint8_t *const levels = set_levels(levels_buf, width);
  av1_txb_init_levels(tcoeff, width, height, levels);
  update_tx_type_count(cm, xd, blk_row, blk_col, plane, tx_size, td->counts,
                       allow_update_cdf);

  const PLANE_TYPE plane_type = pd->plane_type;
  const TX_TYPE tx_type = av1_get_tx_type(plane_type, xd, blk_row, blk_col,
                                          tx_size, cm->reduced_tx_set_used);
  const TX_CLASS tx_class = tx_type_to_class[tx_type];
  const SCAN_ORDER *const scan_order = get_scan(tx_size, tx_type);
  const int16_t *const scan = scan_order->scan;
#if CONFIG_ENTROPY_STATS
  av1_update_eob_context(cdf_idx, eob, tx_size, tx_class, plane_type, ec_ctx,
                         td->counts, allow_update_cdf);
#else
  av1_update_eob_context(eob, tx_size, tx_class, plane_type, ec_ctx,
                         allow_update_cdf);
#endif

  DECLARE_ALIGNED(16, int8_t, coeff_contexts[MAX_TX_SQUARE]);
  av1_get_nz_map_contexts(levels, scan, eob, tx_size, tx_class, coeff_contexts);

  for (int c = eob - 1; c >= 0; --c) {
    const int pos = scan[c];
    const int coeff_ctx = coeff_contexts[pos];
    const tran_low_t v = qcoeff[pos];
    const tran_low_t level = abs(v);

    if (allow_update_cdf) {
      if (c == eob - 1) {
        assert(coeff_ctx < 4);
        update_cdf(
            ec_ctx->coeff_base_eob_cdf[txsize_ctx][plane_type][coeff_ctx],
            AOMMIN(level, 3) - 1, 3);
      } else {
        update_cdf(ec_ctx->coeff_base_cdf[txsize_ctx][plane_type][coeff_ctx],
                   AOMMIN(level, 3), 4);
      }
    }
    {
      if (c == eob - 1) {
        assert(coeff_ctx < 4);
#if CONFIG_ENTROPY_STATS
        ++td->counts->coeff_base_eob_multi[cdf_idx][txsize_ctx][plane_type]
                                          [coeff_ctx][AOMMIN(level, 3) - 1];
      } else {
        ++td->counts->coeff_base_multi[cdf_idx][txsize_ctx][plane_type]
                                      [coeff_ctx][AOMMIN(level, 3)];
#endif
      }
    }
    if (level > NUM_BASE_LEVELS) {
      const int base_range = level - 1 - NUM_BASE_LEVELS;
      const int br_ctx = get_br_ctx(levels, pos, bwl, tx_class);
      for (int idx = 0; idx < COEFF_BASE_RANGE; idx += BR_CDF_SIZE - 1) {
        const int k = AOMMIN(base_range - idx, BR_CDF_SIZE - 1);
        if (allow_update_cdf) {
          update_cdf(ec_ctx->coeff_br_cdf[AOMMIN(txsize_ctx, TX_32X32)]
                                         [plane_type][br_ctx],
                     k, BR_CDF_SIZE);
        }
        for (int lps = 0; lps < BR_CDF_SIZE - 1; lps++) {
#if CONFIG_ENTROPY_STATS
          ++td->counts->coeff_lps[AOMMIN(txsize_ctx, TX_32X32)][plane_type][lps]
                                 [br_ctx][lps == k];
#endif  // CONFIG_ENTROPY_STATS
          if (lps == k) break;
        }
#if CONFIG_ENTROPY_STATS
        ++td->counts->coeff_lps_multi[cdf_idx][AOMMIN(txsize_ctx, TX_32X32)]
                                     [plane_type][br_ctx][k];
#endif
        if (k < BR_CDF_SIZE - 1) break;
      }
    }
  }

  // Update the context needed to code the DC sign (if applicable)
  if (tcoeff[0] != 0) {
    const int dc_sign = (tcoeff[0] < 0) ? 1 : 0;
    const int dc_sign_ctx = txb_ctx.dc_sign_ctx;
#if CONFIG_ENTROPY_STATS
    ++td->counts->dc_sign[plane_type][dc_sign_ctx][dc_sign];
#endif  // CONFIG_ENTROPY_STATS
    if (allow_update_cdf)
      update_cdf(ec_ctx->dc_sign_cdf[plane_type][dc_sign_ctx], dc_sign, 2);
    x->mbmi_ext->dc_sign_ctx[plane][block] = dc_sign_ctx;
  }

  const int cul_level = av1_get_txb_entropy_context(tcoeff, scan_order, eob);
  av1_set_contexts(xd, pd, plane, plane_bsize, tx_size, cul_level, blk_col,
                   blk_row);
}

void av1_update_txb_context(const AV1_COMP *cpi, ThreadData *td,
                            RUN_TYPE dry_run, BLOCK_SIZE bsize, int *rate,
                            int mi_row, int mi_col, uint8_t allow_update_cdf) {
  const AV1_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
  const int num_planes = av1_num_planes(cm);
  MACROBLOCK *const x = &td->mb;
  MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
  MB_MODE_INFO *const mbmi = xd->mi[0];
  struct tokenize_b_args arg = { cpi, td, NULL, 0, allow_update_cdf };
  (void)rate;
  (void)mi_row;
  (void)mi_col;
  if (mbmi->skip) {
    av1_reset_skip_context(xd, mi_row, mi_col, bsize, num_planes);
    return;
  }

  if (!dry_run) {
    av1_foreach_transformed_block(xd, bsize, mi_row, mi_col,
                                  av1_update_and_record_txb_context, &arg,
                                  num_planes);
  } else if (dry_run == DRY_RUN_NORMAL) {
    av1_foreach_transformed_block(xd, bsize, mi_row, mi_col,
                                  av1_update_txb_context_b, &arg, num_planes);
  } else {
    printf("DRY_RUN_COSTCOEFFS is not supported yet\n");
    assert(0);
  }
}